Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 4.43.3
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
म॒क्षू हि ष्मा॒ गच्छ॑थ॒ ईव॑तो॒ द्यूनिन्द्रो॒ न श॒क्तिं परि॑तक्म्यायाम् । दि॒व आजा॑ता दि॒व्या सु॑प॒र्णा कया॒ शची॑नां भवथ॒: शचि॑ष्ठा ॥
मक्षू हि ष्मा गच्छथ ईवतो द्यूनिन्द्रो न शक्तिं परितक्म्यायाम् । दिव आजाता दिव्या सुपर्णा कया शचीनां भवथः शचिष्ठा ॥
makṣū hi ṣmā gacchatha īvato dyūn indro na śaktim paritakmyāyām | diva ājātā divyā suparṇā kayā śacīnām bhavathaḥ śaciṣṭhā ||
English translation:
“Moving, you proceed rapidly by day, as Indra, at the end of the night, (manifests his) power; descended from heaven, divine, of graceful motion, (Aśvins), by which of (your) acts are you most distinguished?”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Kayā śacinām bhavathaḥ śaciṣṭhā = śacīnām yuṣmat saṃbandhinām karmaṇām śaktinām vā, acts or energies connected with you
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): purumīḷahājamīḷahau sauhotrau;Devatā (deity/subject-matter): aśvinau ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
म॒क्षु । हि । स्म॒ । गच्छ॑थः । ईव॑तः । द्यून् । इन्द्रः॑ । न । श॒क्तिम् । परि॑ऽतक्म्यायाम् । दि॒वः । आऽजा॑ता । दि॒व्या । सु॒ऽप॒र्णा । कया॑ । शची॑नाम् । भ॒व॒थः॒ । शचि॑ष्ठा ॥
मक्षु । हि । स्म । गच्छथः । ईवतः । द्यून् । इन्द्रः । न । शक्तिम् । परितक्म्यायाम् । दिवः । आजाता । दिव्या । सुपर्णा । कया । शचीनाम् । भवथः । शचिष्ठा ॥
makṣu | hi | sma | gacchathaḥ | īvataḥ | dyūn | indraḥ | na | śaktim | pari-takmyāyām | divaḥ | ājātā | divyā | su-parṇā | kayā | śacīnām | bhavathaḥ | śaciṣṭhā
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 4.43.3 English analysis of grammar]
[adverb]
“promptly; soon; quickly.”
[adverb]
“because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”
[adverb]
[verb], dual, Present indikative
“go; situate; enter (a state); travel; disappear; [in]; elapse; leave; reach; vanish; love; walk; approach; issue; hop on; gasify; get; come; die; drain; spread; transform; happen; discharge; ride; to be located; run; detect; refer; go; shall; drive.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“such(a).”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[adverb]
“not; like; no; na [word].”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“spear; ability; Shakti; potency; power; capacity; śakti [word]; potency; capability; reproduction.”
[noun], locative, singular, feminine
[noun], ablative, singular, masculine
“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”
[verb noun], nominative, dual
“be born.”
[noun], nominative, dual, masculine
“divine; celestial; divine; heavenly; divine; beautiful; rain; agreeable.”
[noun], nominative, dual, masculine
“Garuda; Suparṇa; bird of prey; Suparṇa; suparṇa; Suparṇa; eagle.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
“what; who; ka [pronoun].”
[noun], genitive, plural, feminine
“Śacī; power; dexterity; ability; aid.”
[verb], dual, Present indikative
“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”
[noun], nominative, dual, masculine