Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 4.42.4

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒हम॒पो अ॑पिन्वमु॒क्षमा॑णा धा॒रयं॒ दिवं॒ सद॑न ऋ॒तस्य॑ । ऋ॒तेन॑ पु॒त्रो अदि॑तेॠ॒तावो॒त त्रि॒धातु॑ प्रथय॒द्वि भूम॑ ॥
अहमपो अपिन्वमुक्षमाणा धारयं दिवं सदन ऋतस्य । ऋतेन पुत्रो अदितेॠतावोत त्रिधातु प्रथयद्वि भूम ॥
aham apo apinvam ukṣamāṇā dhārayaṃ divaṃ sadana ṛtasya | ṛtena putro aditer ṛtāvota tridhātu prathayad vi bhūma ||

English translation:

“I have distributed the moisture-shedding waters; I have upheld the sky as the abode of the water; by the water I have become the preserver of the water, the son of Aditi, illustrating the threefold elementary space.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

As the abode of the water: sadane ṛtasya may imply, for the plural ce or sphere of the sun, the word ṛta is used for udaka or āditya; illustrating the three-fold elementary space: i.e., for me the creator has made the three worlds, madartham eva kṣityādilokatrayam akārśit parameśvaraḥ; or, simply, the earth with three ore-elements, tridhātu

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): trasadasyuḥ paurukutsyaḥ [trasadasyuḥ paurukutsya];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): ātmā;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒हम् । अ॒पः । अ॒पि॒न्व॒म् । उ॒क्षमा॑णाः । ध॒रय॑म् । दिव॑म् । सद॑ने । ऋ॒तस्य॑ । ऋ॒तेन॑ । पु॒त्रः । अदि॑तेः । ऋ॒तऽवा॑ । उ॒त । त्रि॒ऽधातु॑ । प्र॒थ॒य॒त् । वि । भूम॑ ॥
अहम् । अपः । अपिन्वम् । उक्षमाणाः । धरयम् । दिवम् । सदने । ऋतस्य । ऋतेन । पुत्रः । अदितेः । ऋतवा । उत । त्रिधातु । प्रथयत् । वि । भूम ॥
aham | apaḥ | apinvam | ukṣamāṇāḥ | dharayam | divam | sadane | ṛtasya | ṛtena | putraḥ | aditeḥ | ṛta-vā | uta | tri-dhātu | prathayat | vi | bhūma

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 4.42.4 English analysis of grammar]

aham < mad

[noun], nominative, singular

“I; mine.”

apo < apaḥ < ap

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

apinvam < pinv

[verb], singular, Imperfect

“swell; swell; overflow; abound.”

ukṣamāṇā < ukṣamāṇāḥ < vakṣ

[verb noun], accusative, plural

“grow; grow.”

dhārayaṃ < dhārayam < dhāray < √dhṛ

[verb], singular, Present injunctive

“keep; sustain; put; hold; wear; hold; carry; keep alive; suppress; preserve; remember; stow; stop; have; fill into; endure; support; understand; fixate; govern; restrain.”

divaṃ < divam < div

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

sadana < sadane < sadana

[noun], locative, singular, neuter

“seat; weakness; inertness; dwelling; exhaustion; numbness; home; residence; seat; inanition; location.”

ṛtasya < ṛta

[noun], genitive, singular, neuter

“truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”

ṛtena < ṛta

[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter

“truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”

putro < putraḥ < putra

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“son; putra [word]; male child; Putra; Bodhisattva.”

aditer < aditeḥ < aditi

[noun], genitive, singular, feminine

“Aditi; aditi [word].”

ṛtāvota < ṛtāvā < ṛtāvan

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“law-abiding; faithful; righteous.”

ṛtāvota < uta

[adverb]

“and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

tridhātu

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“tridoṣa; Triloka.”

prathayad < prathayat < prathay < √prath

[verb], singular, Present injunctive

“spread; proclaim.”

vi

[adverb]

“apart; away; away.”

bhūma < bhūman

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“Earth; floor.”

Like what you read? Consider supporting this website: