Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 4.42.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

मम॑ द्वि॒ता रा॒ष्ट्रं क्ष॒त्रिय॑स्य वि॒श्वायो॒र्विश्वे॑ अ॒मृता॒ यथा॑ नः । क्रतुं॑ सचन्ते॒ वरु॑णस्य दे॒वा राजा॑मि कृ॒ष्टेरु॑प॒मस्य॑ व॒व्रेः ॥
मम द्विता राष्ट्रं क्षत्रियस्य विश्वायोर्विश्वे अमृता यथा नः । क्रतुं सचन्ते वरुणस्य देवा राजामि कृष्टेरुपमस्य वव्रेः ॥
mama dvitā rāṣṭraṃ kṣatriyasya viśvāyor viśve amṛtā yathā naḥ | kratuṃ sacante varuṇasya devā rājāmi kṛṣṭer upamasya vavreḥ ||

English translation:

“Twofold is my empire, that of the whole kṣatriya race, and all the immortals are ours; the gods associate me with the acts of Varuṇa; I rule over (those) of the proximate form of man.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Twofold is my empire: mama dvitā rāṣṭram kṣatriyasya viśvayoḥ; an allusion to the military and regal order; all the immortals are ours: viśve amṛtā yathā naḥ, therefore he is king also over svarga; the gods associate me with the acts of Varuna: kratum sacante varuṇasya devā rājāmi kṛṣṭer upamasya vavreḥ: vavreḥ = rūpa, form;

Rājāmi = rājatiraiśvarya karmā

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): trasadasyuḥ paurukutsyaḥ [trasadasyuḥ paurukutsya];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): ātmā;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

मम॑ । द्वि॒ता । रा॒ष्ट्रम् । क्ष॒त्रिय॑स्य । वि॒श्वऽआ॑योः । विश्वे॑ । अ॒मृताः॑ । यथा॑ । नः॒ । क्रतु॑म् । स॒च॒न्ते॒ । वरु॑णस्य । दे॒वाः । राजा॑मि । कृ॒ष्टेः । उ॒प॒मस्य॑ । व॒व्रेः ॥
मम । द्विता । राष्ट्रम् । क्षत्रियस्य । विश्वआयोः । विश्वे । अमृताः । यथा । नः । क्रतुम् । सचन्ते । वरुणस्य । देवाः । राजामि । कृष्टेः । उपमस्य । वव्रेः ॥
mama | dvitā | rāṣṭram | kṣatriyasya | viśva-āyoḥ | viśve | amṛtāḥ | yathā | naḥ | kratum | sacante | varuṇasya | devāḥ | rājāmi | kṛṣṭeḥ | upamasya | vavreḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 4.42.1 English analysis of grammar]

mama < mad

[noun], genitive, singular

“I; mine.”

dvitā

[adverb]

“again.”

rāṣṭraṃ < rāṣṭram < rāṣṭra

[noun], nominative, singular, neuter

“kingdom; kingdom; kingship; rāṣṭra [word]; citizenry.”

kṣatriyasya < kṣatriya

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“Kshatriya.”

viśvāyor < viśvāyoḥ < viśvāyu

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“lifelong.”

viśve < viśva

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

amṛtā < amṛtāḥ < amṛta

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“immortal; amṛta; imperishable.”

yathā

[adverb]

“equally; as; so that; like; how; yathā [word]; that; wherein.”

naḥ < mad

[noun], dative, plural

“I; mine.”

kratuṃ < kratum < kratu

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“yajña; decision; plan; deliberation; intelligence; Kratu; will; kratu [word]; desire; resoluteness; ritual.”

sacante < sac

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“accompany; follow; company; obey; participate; enter.”

varuṇasya < varuṇa

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“Varuna; varuṇa [word]; Crataeva religiosa Forst.; Varuṇa; varuṇādi.”

devā < devāḥ < deva

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

rājāmi < rāj

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“govern; shine; glitter; direct.”

kṛṣṭer < kṛṣṭeḥ < kṛṣṭi

[noun], genitive, singular, feminine

“people; citizenry.”

upamasya < upama

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“best; topmost.”

vavreḥ < vavri

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“covering; lurking place.”

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