Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 4.40.2

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

सत्वा॑ भरि॒षो ग॑वि॒षो दु॑वन्य॒सच्छ्र॑व॒स्यादि॒ष उ॒षस॑स्तुरण्य॒सत् । स॒त्यो द्र॒वो द्र॑व॒रः प॑तंग॒रो द॑धि॒क्रावेष॒मूर्जं॒ स्व॑र्जनत् ॥
सत्वा भरिषो गविषो दुवन्यसच्छ्रवस्यादिष उषसस्तुरण्यसत् । सत्यो द्रवो द्रवरः पतंगरो दधिक्रावेषमूर्जं स्वर्जनत् ॥
satvā bhariṣo gaviṣo duvanyasac chravasyād iṣa uṣasas turaṇyasat | satyo dravo dravaraḥ pataṃgaro dadhikrāveṣam ūrjaṃ svar janat ||

English translation:

“May Dadhikrāvaṇ, the active, the cherisher, the giver of cattle, who abides with the devout, the swift-going, be willing to accept (the sacrificial) food at the time of the desirable dawn; may he who is true, moving, rapid, and leaping like a grasshopper, produce (for us) food, strength and heaven.”

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): dadhikrāvā ;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

सत्वा॑ । भ॒रि॒षः । गो॒ऽइ॒षः । दु॒व॒न्य॒ऽसत् । श्र॒व॒स्यात् । इ॒षः । उ॒षसः॑ । तु॒र॒ण्य॒ऽसत् । स॒त्यः । द्र॒वः । द्र॒व॒रः । प॒त॒ङ्ग॒रः । द॒धि॒ऽक्रावा॑ । इष॑म् । ऊर्ज॑म् । स्वः॑ । ज॒न॒त् ॥
सत्वा । भरिषः । गोइषः । दुवन्यसत् । श्रवस्यात् । इषः । उषसः । तुरण्यसत् । सत्यः । द्रवः । द्रवरः । पतङ्गरः । दधिक्रावा । इषम् । ऊर्जम् । स्वः । जनत् ॥
satvā | bhariṣaḥ | go--iṣaḥ | duvanya-sat | śravasyāt | iṣaḥ | uṣasaḥ | turaṇya-sat | satyaḥ | dravaḥ | dravaraḥ | pataṅgaraḥ | dadhi-krāvā | iṣam | ūjarm | svaḥ | janat

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 4.40.2 English analysis of grammar]

satvā < satvan

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“warrior.”

bhariṣo < bhariṣaḥ < bhariṣa

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“plundering.”

gaviṣo < gaviṣaḥ < gaviṣa

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

duvanyasacchravasyād < duvanyasad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

duvanyasacchravasyād < śravasyāt < śravasy

[verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)

iṣa < iṣaḥ < iṣ

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“refreshment; enjoyment; stores.”

uṣasas < uṣasaḥ < uṣas

[noun], genitive, singular, feminine

“Ushas; dawn; uṣas [word]; morning.”

turaṇyasat < turaṇyasad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

satyo < satyaḥ < satya

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“true; real; real; faithful; good.”

dravo < dravaḥ < drava

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“liquid; drenched; flowing.”

dravaraḥ < dravara

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“fast.”

pataṅgaro < pataṅgaraḥ < pataṃgara

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

dadhikrāveṣam < dadhikrāvā < dadhikrāvan

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Dadhikrā.”

dadhikrāveṣam < iṣam < iṣ

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

“refreshment; enjoyment; stores.”

ūrjaṃ < ūrjam < ūrj

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

“strength; refreshment; vigor; food; strengthening.”

svar

[adverb]

“sun; sky; sunlight.”

janat < jan

[verb], singular, Present injunctive

“become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”

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