Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 4.33.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

प्र ऋ॒भुभ्यो॑ दू॒तमि॑व॒ वाच॑मिष्य उप॒स्तिरे॒ श्वैत॑रीं धे॒नुमी॑ळे । ये वात॑जूतास्त॒रणि॑भि॒रेवै॒: परि॒ द्यां स॒द्यो अ॒पसो॑ बभू॒वुः ॥
प्र ऋभुभ्यो दूतमिव वाचमिष्य उपस्तिरे श्वैतरीं धेनुमीळे । ये वातजूतास्तरणिभिरेवैः परि द्यां सद्यो अपसो बभूवुः ॥
pra ṛbhubhyo dūtam iva vācam iṣya upastire śvaitarīṃ dhenum īḻe | ye vātajūtās taraṇibhir evaiḥ pari dyāṃ sadyo apaso babhūvuḥ ||

English translation:

“I send my prayer as a messenger to the ṛbhus; I solicit (of them) the cow, the yielder of the white milk, for the dilution (of the Soma libation); for they, as swift as the wind, the doers of good works, were borne quickly across the firmament by rapid steeds.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

WSere borne quickly: as applicable to the deified mortals, the allusion is to their being transported to the sphere of the gods; if the reference is to the rays of the sun, it implies merely their dispersal through the sky

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): ṛbhavaḥ ;
Chandas (meter): bhuriktriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

प्र । ऋ॒भुऽभ्यः॑ । दू॒तम्ऽइ॑व । वाच॑म् । इ॒ष्ये॒ । उ॒प॒ऽस्तिरे॑ । श्वैत॑रीम् । धे॒नुम् । ई॒ळे॒ । ये । वात॑ऽजूताः । त॒रणि॑ऽभिः । एवैः॑ । परि॑ । द्याम् । स॒द्यः । अ॒पसः॑ । ब॒भू॒वुः ॥
प्र । ऋभुभ्यः । दूतम्इव । वाचम् । इष्ये । उपस्तिरे । श्वैतरीम् । धेनुम् । ईळे । ये । वातजूताः । तरणिभिः । एवैः । परि । द्याम् । सद्यः । अपसः । बभूवुः ॥
pra | ṛbhu-bhyaḥ | dūtam-iva | vācam | iṣye | upa-stire | śvaitarīm | dhenum | īḷe | ye | vāta-jūtāḥ | taraṇi-bhiḥ | evaiḥ | pari | dyām | sadyaḥ | apasaḥ | babhūvuḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 4.33.1 English analysis of grammar]

pra

[adverb]

“towards; ahead.”

ṛbhubhyo < ṛbhubhyaḥ < ṛbhu

[noun], dative, plural, masculine

“Ribhus.”

dūtam < dūta

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“messenger; emissary; dūta [word].”

iva

[adverb]

“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

vācam < vāc

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

“speech; statement; voice; voice; speech; language; vāc [word]; word; literary composition; conversation; sound; Sarasvati; cry; assurance; spell.”

iṣya < iṣye < iṣ

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“send.”

upastire < upastir

[noun], dative, singular, feminine

śvaitarīṃ < śvaitarīm < śvaitarī

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

dhenum < dhenu

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

“cow; dhenu [word]; milk.”

īᄆe < īḍe < īḍ

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“praise; invite; raise.”

ye < yad

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

vātajūtās < vāta

[noun], masculine

“vāta; wind; fart; Vayu; air; draft; vāta [word]; Vāta; rheumatism; Marut.”

vātajūtās < jūtāḥ <

[verb noun], nominative, plural

“animate; encourage; impel; inspire.”

taraṇibhir < taraṇibhiḥ < taraṇi

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“energetic; agile.”

evaiḥ < eva

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“eva [word]; habit; manner; behavior; custom.”

pari

[adverb]

“from; about; around.”

dyāṃ < dyām < div

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

sadyo < sadyas

[adverb]

“immediately; just; daily; sadyas [word].”

apaso < apasaḥ < apas

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“busy; effective; hardworking.”

babhūvuḥ < bhū

[verb], plural, Perfect indicative

“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”

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