Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 4.28.3
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
अह॒न्निन्द्रो॒ अद॑हद॒ग्निरि॑न्दो पु॒रा दस्यू॑न्म॒ध्यंदि॑नाद॒भीके॑ । दु॒र्गे दु॑रो॒णे क्रत्वा॒ न या॒तां पु॒रू स॒हस्रा॒ शर्वा॒ नि ब॑र्हीत् ॥
अहन्निन्द्रो अदहदग्निरिन्दो पुरा दस्यून्मध्यंदिनादभीके । दुर्गे दुरोणे क्रत्वा न यातां पुरू सहस्रा शर्वा नि बर्हीत् ॥
ahann indro adahad agnir indo purā dasyūn madhyaṃdinād abhīke | durge duroṇe kratvā na yātām purū sahasrā śarvā ni barhīt ||
English translation:
“Indra has slain the Dasyus, Soma, in battle; Agni has consumed them before the noon; he (Indra) has destroyed the whole of many thosands, as (robbers are the destroyers of those) going upon (their own) business, in a difficult and dangerous (plural ce).”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Before the noon: purā madhyandināt, in the forenoon, when the Soma is drunk, and thence Indra and Agni have been invigorated; as robbers are the destroyers of those: the text has only durge duroṇe kratvā na yātām, as of those gone on account of business, in a difficult plural ce; the implied terms are: where protection is difficult, from robbers
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevaḥ [vāmadeva];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indrāsomau ;
Chandas (meter): virāṭtrisṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
अह॑न् । इन्द्रः॑ । अद॑हत् । अ॒ग्निः । इ॒न्दो॒ इति॑ । पु॒रा । दम्यू॑न् । म॒ध्यन्दि॑नात् । अ॒भीके॑ । दुः॒ऽगे । दु॒रो॒णे । क्रत्वा॑ । न । या॒ताम् । पु॒रु । स॒हस्रा॑ । शर्वा॑ । नि । ब॒र्ही॒त् ॥
अहन् । इन्द्रः । अदहत् । अग्निः । इन्दो इति । पुरा । दम्यून् । मध्यन्दिनात् । अभीके । दुःगे । दुरोणे । क्रत्वा । न । याताम् । पुरु । सहस्रा । शर्वा । नि । बर्हीत् ॥
ahan | indraḥ | adahat | agniḥ | indo iti | purā | damyūn | madhyandināt | abhīke | duḥ-ge | duroṇe | kratvā | na | yātām | puru | sahasrā | śarvā | ni | barhīt
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 4.28.3 English analysis of grammar]
[verb], singular, Root aorist (Ind.)
“kill; cure; māray; remove; destroy; hit; injure; damage; destroy; paralyze; hurt; forge; beat; cut off; stop; overwhelm; kick; hunt; affect; strike; hammer; love; obstruct; shoot.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“burn; cauterize; heat; burn; burn; burn; roast; blaze; burn; distress; destroy.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”
[adverb]
“once; earlier; first; purā [indecl.].”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“savage; outcast; mugger.”
[noun], ablative, singular, masculine
“noon; Pentapetes phoenicea Linn..”
[noun], locative, singular, neuter
“battle; meeting.”
[noun], locative, singular, neuter
“inaccessible; impassable.”
[noun], locative, singular, neuter
“home; dwelling.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
“yajña; decision; plan; deliberation; intelligence; Kratu; will; kratu [word]; desire; resoluteness; ritual.”
[adverb]
“not; like; no; na [word].”
[verb noun], genitive, plural
“go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“many; much(a); very.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“thousand; one-thousandth; sahasra [word].”
[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
“arrow.”
[adverb]
“back; down.”
[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)