Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 4.23.7
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
द्रुहं॒ जिघां॑सन्ध्व॒रस॑मनि॒न्द्रां तेति॑क्ते ति॒ग्मा तु॒जसे॒ अनी॑का । ऋ॒णा चि॒द्यत्र॑ ऋण॒या न॑ उ॒ग्रो दू॒रे अज्ञा॑ता उ॒षसो॑ बबा॒धे ॥
द्रुहं जिघांसन्ध्वरसमनिन्द्रां तेतिक्ते तिग्मा तुजसे अनीका । ऋणा चिद्यत्र ऋणया न उग्रो दूरे अज्ञाता उषसो बबाधे ॥
druhaṃ jighāṃsan dhvarasam anindrāṃ tetikte tigmā tujase anīkā | ṛṇā cid yatra ṛṇayā na ugro dūre ajñātā uṣaso babādhe ||
English translation:
“Resolving to kil the oppressing, malevolent (rākṣasi), not acknowledging Indra, he sharpened his sharp weapons for (her) destruction, and the fierce (Indra) the canceller of debts, has kept afar the unknown dawns in which the debts (are to be paid).”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Resolving to kill: jighāṃsan druham dhavarasam anindram: the implied rākṣasi is thought to mean death, the debt of nature, the payment of what Indra's favour delays by prolonging life
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
दुह॑म् । जिघां॑सम् । ध्व॒रस॑म् । अ॒नि॒न्द्राम् । तेति॑क्ते । ति॒ग्मा । तु॒जसे॑ । अनी॑का । ऋ॒णा । चि॒त् । यत्र॑ । ऋ॒ण॒ऽयाः । नः॒ । उ॒ग्रः । दू॒रे । अज्ञा॑ताः । उ॒षसः॑ । ब॒बा॒धे ॥
दुहम् । जिघांसम् । ध्वरसम् । अनिन्द्राम् । तेतिक्ते । तिग्मा । तुजसे । अनीका । ऋणा । चित् । यत्र । ऋणयाः । नः । उग्रः । दूरे । अज्ञाताः । उषसः । बबाधे ॥
duham | jighāṃsam | dhvarasam | anindrām | tetikte | tigmā | tujase | anīkā | ṛṇā | cit | yatra | ṛṇa-yāḥ | naḥ | ugraḥ | dūre | ajñātāḥ | uṣasaḥ | babādhe
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 4.23.7 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“deception; druh; misrepresentation; fraudulence; offense; injury.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“kill.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
[adverb]
“not.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“sharp; pointed; fiery.”
[verb noun]
“draw.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“army; face; battalion; battlefront; point; appearance.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“debt; debt; ṛṇa [word].”
[adverb]
“even; indeed.”
[adverb]
“wherein; once [when].”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
[noun], genitive, plural
“I; mine.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“powerful; awful; dangerous; intense; mighty; potent; colicky; atrocious.”
[noun], locative, singular, neuter
“distance; distance; farness.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“unknown; unexpected.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“Ushas; dawn; uṣas [word]; morning.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“afflict; annoy; chase away; tease; grieve; irritate.”