Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 4.23.5
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
क॒था कद॒स्या उ॒षसो॒ व्यु॑ष्टौ दे॒वो मर्त॑स्य स॒ख्यं जु॑जोष । क॒था कद॑स्य स॒ख्यं सखि॑भ्यो॒ ये अ॑स्मि॒न्कामं॑ सु॒युजं॑ तत॒स्रे ॥
कथा कदस्या उषसो व्युष्टौ देवो मर्तस्य सख्यं जुजोष । कथा कदस्य सख्यं सखिभ्यो ये अस्मिन्कामं सुयुजं ततस्रे ॥
kathā kad asyā uṣaso vyuṣṭau devo martasya sakhyaṃ jujoṣa | kathā kad asya sakhyaṃ sakhibhyo ye asmin kāmaṃ suyujaṃ tatasre ||
English translation:
“When, in what manner, at the dawning of this morning, has the divine Indra accepted the friendship of a mortal? when and in what manner, (is) his friendship (manifested) to the friends who have spread out the desirable and suitable (offering) before him?”
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): bhurikpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
क॒था । कत् । अ॒स्याः । उ॒षसः॑ । विऽउ॑ष्टौ । दे॒वः । मर्त॑स्य । स॒ख्यम् । जु॒जो॒ष॒ । क॒था । कत् । अ॒स्य॒ । स॒ख्यम् । सखि॑ऽभ्यः । ये । अ॒स्मि॒न् । काम॑म् । सु॒ऽयुज॑म् । त॒त॒स्रे ॥
कथा । कत् । अस्याः । उषसः । विउष्टौ । देवः । मर्तस्य । सख्यम् । जुजोष । कथा । कत् । अस्य । सख्यम् । सखिभ्यः । ये । अस्मिन् । कामम् । सुयुजम् । ततस्रे ॥
kathā | kat | asyāḥ | uṣasaḥ | vi-uṣṭau | devaḥ | martasya | sakhyam | jujoṣa | kathā | kat | asya | sakhyam | sakhi-bhyaḥ | ye | asmin | kāmam | su-yujam | tatasre
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 4.23.5 English analysis of grammar]
[adverb]
“how.”
[adverb]
[noun], genitive, singular, feminine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[noun], genitive, singular, feminine
“Ushas; dawn; uṣas [word]; morning.”
[noun], locative, singular, feminine
“dawn; happiness; consequence.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“man.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“friendship; aid; company.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“enjoy; endow; possess; frequent; accompany; induce; consume; approve; affect; attend; befit; blend; contract.”
[adverb]
“how.”
[adverb]
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“friendship; aid; company.”
[noun], dative, plural, masculine
“friend; companion; sakhi [word].”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[noun], locative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“wish; desire; sexual love; sexual desire; desire; Kama; sensuality; love; purpose; sexual arousal; pleasure; enjoyment; licentiousness; kāma [word]; sexual intercourse; thorn apple; wish.”
[adverb]
“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“amalgamated; harnessed.”
[verb], plural, Perfect indicative