Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 4.19.4

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अक्षो॑दय॒च्छव॑सा॒ क्षाम॑ बु॒ध्नं वार्ण वात॒स्तवि॑षीभि॒रिन्द्र॑: । दृ॒ळ्हान्यौ॑भ्नादु॒शमा॑न॒ ओजोऽवा॑भिनत्क॒कुभ॒: पर्व॑तानाम् ॥
अक्षोदयच्छवसा क्षाम बुध्नं वार्ण वातस्तविषीभिरिन्द्रः । दृळ्हान्यौभ्नादुशमान ओजोऽवाभिनत्ककुभः पर्वतानाम् ॥
akṣodayac chavasā kṣāma budhnaṃ vār ṇa vātas taviṣībhir indraḥ | dṛḻhāny aubhnād uśamāna ojo 'vābhinat kakubhaḥ parvatānām ||

English translation:

Indra, by his strength, has agitated the exhausted firmament, as wind, by its violent (gusts, agitates) the water; exulting in his strength, he has divided the solid (clouds), and has shattered the peaks of the mountains.”

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): bhurikpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अक्षो॑दयत् । शव॑सा । क्षाम॑ । बु॒ध्नम् । वाः । न । वातः॑ । तवि॑षीभिः । इन्द्रः॑ । दृ॒ळ्हानि॑ । औ॒भ्ना॒त् । उ॒शमा॑नः । ओजः॑ । अव॑ । अ॒भि॒न॒त् । क॒कुभः॑ । पर्व॑तानाम् ॥
अक्षोदयत् । शवसा । क्षाम । बुध्नम् । वाः । न । वातः । तविषीभिः । इन्द्रः । दृळ्हानि । औभ्नात् । उशमानः । ओजः । अव । अभिनत् । ककुभः । पर्वतानाम् ॥
akṣodayat | śavasā | kṣāma | budhnam | vāḥ | na | vātaḥ | taviṣībhiḥ | indraḥ | dṛḷhāni | aubhnāt | uśamānaḥ | ojaḥ | ava | abhinat | kakubhaḥ | parvatānām

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 4.19.4 English analysis of grammar]

akṣodayacchavasā < akṣodayat < kṣoday < √kṣud

[verb], singular, Imperfect

“mix; powderize.”

akṣodayacchavasā < śavasā < śavas

[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter

“strength; power; superiority.”

kṣāma < kṣāman

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

budhnaṃ < budhnam < budhna

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“bottom; bottom; base.”

vār

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“water; juice; jala.”

ṇa < na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

vātas < vātaḥ < vāta

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“vāta; wind; fart; Vayu; air; draft; vāta [word]; Vāta; rheumatism; Marut.”

taviṣībhir < taviṣībhiḥ < taviṣī

[noun], instrumental, plural, feminine

“strength; power.”

indraḥ < indra

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

dṛᄆhāny < dṛᄆhāni < dṛḍha

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“hard; intense; firm; fixed; resolute; mesomorphic; grim; dṛḍha [word]; rainproof; sturdy; shut; firm; insoluble; strong; tough; tight.”

aubhnād < aubhnāt < ubh

[verb], singular, Imperfect

uśamāna < uśamānaḥ < vaś

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“desire; agree; call; care; like; love.”

ojo < ojaḥ < ojas

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“strength; power; ojas; ojas [word]; potency; might.”

'vābhinat < avābhinat < avabhid < √bhid

[verb], singular, Imperfect

“pierce; slash.”

kakubhaḥ < kakubh

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“Kakubh; peak; bulge.”

parvatānām < parvata

[noun], genitive, plural, masculine

“mountain; Parvata; parvata [word]; Parvata; Parvata; rock; height.”

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