Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 4.16.20
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
ए॒वेदिन्द्रा॑य वृष॒भाय॒ वृष्णे॒ ब्रह्मा॑कर्म॒ भृग॑वो॒ न रथ॑म् । नू चि॒द्यथा॑ नः स॒ख्या वि॒योष॒दस॑न्न उ॒ग्रो॑ऽवि॒ता त॑नू॒पाः ॥
एवेदिन्द्राय वृषभाय वृष्णे ब्रह्माकर्म भृगवो न रथम् । नू चिद्यथा नः सख्या वियोषदसन्न उग्रोऽविता तनूपाः ॥
eved indrāya vṛṣabhāya vṛṣṇe brahmākarma bhṛgavo na ratham | nū cid yathā naḥ sakhyā viyoṣad asan na ugro 'vitā tanūpāḥ ||
English translation:
“Therefore we offer to the vigorous Indra, the showerer (of benefits), holy adoration, that he may never withdraw his friendly (actions) from us, and that he may be our powerful protector, the defender of (our) person ns, as the Bhṛgus (fabricate) a car (for use).”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Bhṛgavo na ratham: bhṛgavo = dīptas takṣāṇaḥ, bright or dexterous carpenters; i.e. as a wheelwright makes a chariot for a special purpose, so the worshipper performs worship in order to secure Indra's favour
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): bhurikpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
ए॒व । इत् । इन्द्रा॑य । वृ॒ष॒भाय॑ । वृष्णे॑ । ब्रह्म॑ । अ॒क॒र्म॒ । भृग॑वः । न । रथ॑म् । नु । चि॒त् । यथा॑ । नः॒ । स॒ख्या । वि॒ऽयोष॑त् । अस॑त् । नः॒ । उ॒ग्रः । अ॒वि॒ता । त॒नू॒ऽपाः ॥
एव । इत् । इन्द्राय । वृषभाय । वृष्णे । ब्रह्म । अकर्म । भृगवः । न । रथम् । नु । चित् । यथा । नः । सख्या । वियोषत् । असत् । नः । उग्रः । अविता । तनूपाः ॥
eva | it | indrāya | vṛṣabhāya | vṛṣṇe | brahma | akarma | bhṛgavaḥ | na | ratham | nu | cit | yathā | naḥ | sakhyā | vi-yoṣat | asat | naḥ | ugraḥ | avitā | tanū-pāḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 4.16.20 English analysis of grammar]
[adverb]
“indeed; merely; thus; even; surely; same; eva [word]; successively; immediately; in truth.”
[adverb]
“indeed; assuredly; entirely.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“bull; Vṛṣabha; Vṛṣabha; best.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“brahman; mantra; prayer; spell; Veda; Brahmin; sacred text; final emancipation; hymn; brahman [word]; Brāhmaṇa; study.”
[verb], plural, Root aorist (Ind.)
“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“Bhṛgu; precipice; Bhṛgu; Bhṛgu; Venus; bhṛgu [word].”
[adverb]
“not; like; no; na [word].”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”
[adverb]
“now; already.”
[adverb]
“even; indeed.”
[adverb]
“equally; as; so that; like; how; yathā [word]; that; wherein.”
[noun], genitive, plural
“I; mine.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“friendship; aid; company.”
[verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
“spread.”
[verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”
[noun], dative, plural
“I; mine.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“powerful; awful; dangerous; intense; mighty; potent; colicky; atrocious.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“favorable.”
[noun], feminine
“body; self; own(a); person; form.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“protecting.”