Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 4.16.13

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्वं पिप्रुं॒ मृग॑यं शूशु॒वांस॑मृ॒जिश्व॑ने वैदथि॒नाय॑ रन्धीः । प॒ञ्चा॒शत्कृ॒ष्णा नि व॑पः स॒हस्रात्कं॒ न पुरो॑ जरि॒मा वि द॑र्दः ॥
त्वं पिप्रुं मृगयं शूशुवांसमृजिश्वने वैदथिनाय रन्धीः । पञ्चाशत्कृष्णा नि वपः सहस्रात्कं न पुरो जरिमा वि दर्दः ॥
tvam piprum mṛgayaṃ śūśuvāṃsam ṛjiśvane vaidathināya randhīḥ | pañcāśat kṛṣṇā ni vapaḥ sahasrātkaṃ na puro jarimā vi dardaḥ ||

English translation:

“You have subjugated Pipru and the mighty Mṛgayā for the sake of Ṛjiṣvan, the son of Vidathin, you have slain the fifty thousand Kṛṣṇas; and, as old age (destroys) life, you have demolished the cities (of Śambara).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Mṛgayā = name of an asura;

Vidathin = a rājā; fifty thousand Kṛṣṇas = rākṣasas of a black colour, kṛṣṇavarṇāni rākṣasāṃsi

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): svarāṭpaṅkti;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्वम् । पिप्रु॑म् । मृग॑यम् । शू॒शु॒ऽवांस॑म् । ऋ॒जिश्व॑ने । वै॒द॒थि॒नाय॑ । र॒न्धीः॒ । प॒ञ्चा॒शत् । कृ॒ष्णा । नि । व॒पः॒ । स॒हस्रा॑ । अत्क॑म् । न । पुरः॑ । ज॒रि॒मा । वि । द॒र्दः॒ ॥
त्वम् । पिप्रुम् । मृगयम् । शूशुवांसम् । ऋजिश्वने । वैदथिनाय । रन्धीः । पञ्चाशत् । कृष्णा । नि । वपः । सहस्रा । अत्कम् । न । पुरः । जरिमा । वि । दर्दः ॥
tvam | piprum | mṛgayam | śūśu-vāṃsam | ṛjiśvane | vaidathināya | randhīḥ | pañcāśat | kṛṣṇā | ni | vapaḥ | sahasrā | ātkam | na | puraḥ | jarimā | vi | dardaḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 4.16.13 English analysis of grammar]

tvam < tvad

[noun], nominative, singular

“you.”

piprum < pipru

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“Pipru.”

mṛgayaṃ < mṛgayam < mṛgaya

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

śūśuvāṃsam < śvi

[verb noun], accusative, singular

“swell; grow.”

ṛjiśvane < ṛjiśvan

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“Ṛjiśvan.”

vaidathināya < vaidathina

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

randhīḥ < radh

[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)

“subjugate.”

pañcāśat

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

“fifty; pañcāśat [word].”

kṛṣṇā < kṛṣṇāḥ < kṛṣṇa

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“black; dark; dark; blue; black.”

ni

[adverb]

“back; down.”

vapaḥ < vap

[verb], singular, Present injunctive

“sow; bestrew; strew; scatter.”

sahasrātkaṃ < sahasrā < sahasra

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“thousand; one-thousandth; sahasra [word].”

sahasrātkaṃ < atkam < atka

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“garment.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

puro < puraḥ < pur

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“fortress; pur [word]; town; purā [indecl.]; mahant.”

jarimā < jariman

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“old age.”

vi

[adverb]

“apart; away; away.”

dardaḥ < dardar < √dṛ

[verb], singular, Present injunctive

“cleave.”

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