Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 4.16.9

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अच्छा॑ क॒विं नृ॑मणो गा अ॒भिष्टौ॒ स्व॑र्षाता मघव॒न्नाध॑मानम् । ऊ॒तिभि॒स्तमि॑षणो द्यु॒म्नहू॑तौ॒ नि मा॒यावा॒नब्र॑ह्मा॒ दस्यु॑रर्त ॥
अच्छा कविं नृमणो गा अभिष्टौ स्वर्षाता मघवन्नाधमानम् । ऊतिभिस्तमिषणो द्युम्नहूतौ नि मायावानब्रह्मा दस्युरर्त ॥
acchā kaviṃ nṛmaṇo gā abhiṣṭau svarṣātā maghavan nādhamānam | ūtibhis tam iṣaṇo dyumnahūtau ni māyāvān abrahmā dasyur arta ||

English translation:

Maghavan, who are honoured by men, you have repaired to the presence of the sage for (the sake of) bestowing (upon him) wealth, and when soliciting (you) in his need (for aid); defending (him) with your protection, the guileful, impious Dasyu has been destroyed in the contest for the spoil.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The sage: the text has kavim, usually rendered as krānta-darśi, the seer of the past; but, here it is a synonym of Kutsa, as in the next verse

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अच्छ॑ । क॒विम् । नृ॒ऽम॒नः॒ । गाः॒ । अ॒भिष्टौ॑ । स्वः॑ऽसाता । म॒घ॒ऽव॒न् । नाद॑मानम् । ऊ॒तिऽभिः॑ । तम् । इ॒ष॒णः॒ । द्यु॒म्नऽहू॑तौ । नि । मा॒याऽवा॑न् । अब्र॑ह्मा । दस्युः॑ । अ॒र्त॒ ॥
अच्छ । कविम् । नृमनः । गाः । अभिष्टौ । स्वःसाता । मघवन् । नादमानम् । ऊतिभिः । तम् । इषणः । द्युम्नहूतौ । नि । मायावान् । अब्रह्मा । दस्युः । अर्त ॥
accha | kavim | nṛ-manaḥ | gāḥ | abhiṣṭau | svaḥ-sātā | magha-van | nādamānam | ūti-bhiḥ | tam | iṣaṇaḥ | dyumna-hūtau | ni | māyāvān | abrahmā | dasyuḥ | arta

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 4.16.9 English analysis of grammar]

acchā

[adverb]

“towards; accha [prefix].”

kaviṃ < kavim < kavi

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“poet; wise man; bard; Venus; Uśanas; kavi [word]; Kavi; prophet; guru; Brahma.”

nṛmaṇo < nṛmaṇaḥ < nṛmaṇas

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

< gāḥ < go

[noun], accusative, plural, masculine

“cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

abhiṣṭau < abhiṣṭi

[noun], locative, singular, feminine

“prevalence; protection.”

svarṣātā < svarṣāti

[noun], locative, singular, feminine

maghavan

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“Indra; maghavan [word].”

nādhamānam < nādh

[verb noun], accusative, singular

“suffer.”

ūtibhis < ūtibhiḥ < ūti

[noun], instrumental, plural, feminine

“aid; favor; ūti [word].”

tam < tad

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

iṣaṇo < iṣaṇaḥ < iṣan

[noun], genitive, singular, neuter

dyumnahūtau < dyumna

[noun], neuter

“magnificence.”

dyumnahūtau < hūtau < hūti

[noun], locative, singular, feminine

“invocation.”

ni

[adverb]

“back; down.”

māyāvān < māyāvat

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

abrahmā < abrahman

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

dasyur < dasyuḥ < dasyu

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“savage; outcast; mugger.”

arta < ṛch

[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)

“enter (a state); travel; shoot; send; hit; originate; get; raise; begin; harm.”

Like what you read? Consider supporting this website: