Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 4.16.4

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

स्व१॒॑र्यद्वेदि॑ सु॒दृशी॑कम॒र्कैर्महि॒ ज्योती॑ रुरुचु॒र्यद्ध॒ वस्तो॑: । अ॒न्धा तमां॑सि॒ दुधि॑ता वि॒चक्षे॒ नृभ्य॑श्चकार॒ नृत॑मो अ॒भिष्टौ॑ ॥
स्वर्यद्वेदि सुदृशीकमर्कैर्महि ज्योती रुरुचुर्यद्ध वस्तोः । अन्धा तमांसि दुधिता विचक्षे नृभ्यश्चकार नृतमो अभिष्टौ ॥
svar yad vedi sudṛśīkam arkair mahi jyotī rurucur yad dha vastoḥ | andhā tamāṃsi dudhitā vicakṣe nṛbhyaś cakāra nṛtamo abhiṣṭau ||

English translation:

“When the vast luminous heaven manifested by the rays (of light) is displayed, then are (the deities) resplendent according to (their heavenly) abode; the chief of leaders, (Indra), in his approach has scattered the thick glooms so that men may see.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Indra: Sūrya, as identical with Indra

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

स्वः॑ । यत् । वेदि॑ । सु॒ऽदृशी॑कम् । अ॒र्कैः । महि॑ । ज्योतिः॑ । रु॒रु॒चुः॒ । यत् । ह॒ । वस्तोः॑ । अ॒न्धा । तमां॑सि । दुधि॑ता । वि॒ऽचक्षे॑ । नृऽभ्यः॑ । च॒का॒र॒ । नृऽत॑मः । अ॒भिष्टौ॑ ॥
स्वः । यत् । वेदि । सुदृशीकम् । अर्कैः । महि । ज्योतिः । रुरुचुः । यत् । ह । वस्तोः । अन्धा । तमांसि । दुधिता । विचक्षे । नृभ्यः । चकार । नृतमः । अभिष्टौ ॥
svaḥ | yat | vedi | su-dṛśīkam | arkaiḥ | mahi | jyotiḥ | rurucuḥ | yat | ha | vastoḥ | andhā | tamāṃsi | dudhitā | vi-cakṣe | nṛ-bhyaḥ | cakāra | nṛ-tamaḥ | abhiṣṭau

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 4.16.4 English analysis of grammar]

svar

[adverb]

“sun; sky; sunlight.”

yad < yat

[adverb]

“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

vedi < vid

[verb], singular, Aorist passive

“find; detect; marry; get; think.”

sudṛśīkam < sudṛśīka

[noun], nominative, singular, neuter

“beautiful.”

arkair < arkaiḥ < arka

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sun; copper; Surya; hymn; twelve; fire; beam.”

mahi

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“great; firm.”

jyotī < jyotiḥ < jyotis

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“light; star; luminosity; fire; jyotis [word]; digestion; planet; light; sunlight.”

rurucur < rurucuḥ < ruc

[verb], plural, Perfect indicative

“please; shine.”

yad < yat

[adverb]

“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

dha < ha

[adverb]

“indeed; ha [word].”

vastoḥ < vastu

[noun], genitive, singular, feminine

“dawn.”

andhā < andha

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“blind; andha [word]; andha; blind; complete; dark.”

tamāṃsi < tamas

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“dark; darkness; Tamas; tamas [word]; faint; tamas; gloom; ignorance.”

dudhitā < dudhita

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

vicakṣe < vicakṣ < √cakṣ

[verb noun]

nṛbhyaś < nṛbhyaḥ < nṛ

[noun], dative, plural, masculine

“man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”

cakāra < kṛ

[verb], singular, Perfect indicative

“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

nṛtamo < nṛtamaḥ < nṛtama

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

abhiṣṭau < abhiṣṭi

[noun], locative, singular, feminine

“prevalence; protection.”

Like what you read? Consider supporting this website: