Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 4.16.3

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

क॒विर्न नि॒ण्यं वि॒दथा॑नि॒ साध॒न्वृषा॒ यत्सेकं॑ विपिपा॒नो अर्चा॑त् । दि॒व इ॒त्था जी॑जनत्स॒प्त का॒रूनह्ना॑ चिच्चक्रुर्व॒युना॑ गृ॒णन्त॑: ॥
कविर्न निण्यं विदथानि साधन्वृषा यत्सेकं विपिपानो अर्चात् । दिव इत्था जीजनत्सप्त कारूनह्ना चिच्चक्रुर्वयुना गृणन्तः ॥
kavir na niṇyaṃ vidathāni sādhan vṛṣā yat sekaṃ vipipāno arcāt | diva itthā jījanat sapta kārūn ahnā cic cakrur vayunā gṛṇantaḥ ||

English translation:

“Like a sage (knowing) what is hidden, and fulfilling sacred rites, so the showerer (of benefits), quaffing copiously the effused (libation), exults (in the draught), and he genitive rates the seven efficient (rays) from heaven, which, being glorified, have made (manifest) the objects of (human) perception by day.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The seven efficient rays: ajījanat sapta kārūn ahnā ciccakrur vayunā gṛṇantaḥ

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

क॒विः । न । नि॒ण्यम् । वि॒दथा॑नि । साध॑न् । वृषा॑ । यत् । सेक॑म् । वि॒ऽपि॒पा॒नः । अर्चा॑त् । दि॒वः । इ॒त्था । जी॒ज॒न॒त् । स॒प्त । का॒रून् । अह्ना॑ । चि॒त् । च॒क्रुः॒ । व॒युना॑ । गृ॒णन्तः॑ ॥
कविः । न । निण्यम् । विदथानि । साधन् । वृषा । यत् । सेकम् । विपिपानः । अर्चात् । दिवः । इत्था । जीजनत् । सप्त । कारून् । अह्ना । चित् । चक्रुः । वयुना । गृणन्तः ॥
kaviḥ | na | niṇyam | vidathāni | sādhan | vṛṣā | yat | sekam | vi-pipānaḥ | arcāt | divaḥ | itthā | jījanat | sapta | kārūn | ahnā | cit | cakruḥ | vayunā | gṛṇantaḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 4.16.3 English analysis of grammar]

kavir < kaviḥ < kavi

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“poet; wise man; bard; Venus; Uśanas; kavi [word]; Kavi; prophet; guru; Brahma.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

niṇyaṃ < niṇyam < niṇya

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“secret; mystery.”

vidathāni < vidatha

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“meeting; wisdom; council.”

sādhan < sādh

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“promote; succeed.”

vṛṣā < vṛṣan

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”

yat

[adverb]

“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

sekaṃ < sekam < seka

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“sprinkle; affusion.”

vipipāno < vipipānaḥ < vipā < √pā

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“drink; drink.”

arcāt < arc

[verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)

“sing; worship; honor; praise; welcome.”

diva < divaḥ < div

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

itthā

[adverb]

“thus; here.”

jījanat < jan

[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)

“become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”

sapta < saptan

[noun], accusative, plural, masculine

“seven; seventh.”

kārūn < kāru

[noun], accusative, plural, masculine

“poet; singer.”

ahnā < ahar

[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter

“day; day; ahar [word]; day; day.”

cic < cit

[adverb]

“even; indeed.”

cakrur < cakruḥ < kṛ

[verb], plural, Perfect indicative

“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

vayunā < vayuna

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“convention; custom; means.”

gṛṇantaḥ < gṛ

[verb noun], nominative, plural

“praise.”

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