Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 4.13.4

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

वहि॑ष्ठेभिर्वि॒हर॑न्यासि॒ तन्तु॑मव॒व्यय॒न्नसि॑तं देव॒ वस्म॑ । दवि॑ध्वतो र॒श्मय॒: सूर्य॑स्य॒ चर्मे॒वावा॑धु॒स्तमो॑ अ॒प्स्व१॒॑न्तः ॥
वहिष्ठेभिर्विहरन्यासि तन्तुमवव्ययन्नसितं देव वस्म । दविध्वतो रश्मयः सूर्यस्य चर्मेवावाधुस्तमो अप्स्वन्तः ॥
vahiṣṭhebhir viharan yāsi tantum avavyayann asitaṃ deva vasma | davidhvato raśmayaḥ sūryasya carmevāvādhus tamo apsv antaḥ ||

English translation:

“Divine (sun), you proceed with most powerful (horses), spreading your web (or rays), and cutting down the black abode (of night); the tremulous rays of the sun throw off the darknes which is spread like a skin over the firmament.”

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): virāṭtrisṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

वहि॑ष्टेभिः । वि॒ऽहर॑न् । या॒सि॒ । तन्तु॑म् । अ॒व॒ऽव्यय॑न् । असि॑तम् । दे॒व॒ । वस्म॑ । दवि॑ध्वतः । र॒श्मयः॑ । सूर्य॑स्य । चर्म॑ऽइव । अव॑ । अ॒धुः॒ । तमः॑ । अ॒प्ऽसु । अ॒न्तरिति॑ ॥
वहिष्टेभिः । विहरन् । यासि । तन्तुम् । अवव्ययन् । असितम् । देव । वस्म । दविध्वतः । रश्मयः । सूर्यस्य । चर्मइव । अव । अधुः । तमः । अप्सु । अन्तरिति ॥
vahiṣṭebhiḥ | vi-haran | yāsi | tantum | ava-vyayan | asitam | deva | vasma | davidhvataḥ | raśmayaḥ | sūryasya | carma-iva | ava | adhuḥ | tamaḥ | ap-su | antariti

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 4.13.4 English analysis of grammar]

vahiṣṭhebhir < vahiṣṭhebhiḥ < vahiṣṭha

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

viharan < vihṛ < √hṛ

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“spend; amuse; stay; separate; unfold.”

yāsi <

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”

tantum < tantu

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“thread; fiber; lineage; cobweb; fibril; stalk.”

avavyayann < avavyayan < avavye < √vye

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“unravel.”

asitaṃ < asitam < asita

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“black; dark; dark; black.”

deva

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

vasma < vasman

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“garment.”

davidhvato < davidhvataḥ < dodhu < √dhū

[verb noun], nominative, plural

“shake.”

raśmayaḥ < raśmi

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“beam; rein; sunbeam; shininess; cord.”

sūryasya < sūrya

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”

carmevāvādhus < carma < carman

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“leather; hide; shield; skin; carman [word]; carman; hide.”

carmevāvādhus < iva

[adverb]

“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

carmevāvādhus < avādhuḥ < avadhā < √dhā

[verb], plural, Root aorist (Ind.)

“concentrate; immerse; set down.”

tamo < tamaḥ < tamas

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“dark; darkness; Tamas; tamas [word]; faint; tamas; gloom; ignorance.”

apsv < apsu < ap

[noun], locative, plural, feminine

“water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

antaḥ < antar

[adverb]

“inside; in; antar [word]; midmost; between; among.”

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