Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 4.4.5
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
ऊ॒र्ध्वो भ॑व॒ प्रति॑ वि॒ध्याध्य॒स्मदा॒विष्कृ॑णुष्व॒ दैव्या॑न्यग्ने । अव॑ स्थि॒रा त॑नुहि यातु॒जूनां॑ जा॒मिमजा॑मिं॒ प्र मृ॑णीहि॒ शत्रू॑न् ॥
ऊर्ध्वो भव प्रति विध्याध्यस्मदाविष्कृणुष्व दैव्यान्यग्ने । अव स्थिरा तनुहि यातुजूनां जामिमजामिं प्र मृणीहि शत्रून् ॥
ūrdhvo bhava prati vidhyādhy asmad āviṣ kṛṇuṣva daivyāny agne | ava sthirā tanuhi yātujūnāṃ jāmim ajāmim pra mṛṇīhi śatrūn ||
English translation:
“Rise up, Agni, chastise those who overpower us; manifest your divine energies; slacken the strone (bow strings) of the malignant kings; destroy those (who are hostile), whether kindred or unallied.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Jāmim ajāmim = bandhum abandhum; or, whether formerly overcome or not;
Alternative: punaruktam apunaruktam, repeated or not repeated; puraḥ punastaditam ataditam, repeatedly chastised or not chastised
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): rakṣohā'gniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): bhurikpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
ऊ॒र्ध्वः । भ॒व॒ । प्रति॑ । वि॒ध्य॒ । अधि॑ । अ॒स्मत् । आ॒विः । कृ॒णु॒ष्व॒ । दैव्या॑नि । अ॒ग्ने॒ । अव॑ । स्थि॒रा । त॒नु॒हि॒ । या॒तु॒ऽजूना॑म् । जा॒मिम् । अजा॑मिम् । प्र । मृ॒णी॒हि॒ । शत्रू॑न् ॥
ऊर्ध्वः । भव । प्रति । विध्य । अधि । अस्मत् । आविः । कृणुष्व । दैव्यानि । अग्ने । अव । स्थिरा । तनुहि । यातुजूनाम् । जामिम् । अजामिम् । प्र । मृणीहि । शत्रून् ॥
ūrdhvaḥ | bhava | prati | vidhya | adhi | asmat | āviḥ | kṛṇuṣva | daivyāni | agne | ava | sthirā | tanuhi | yātu-jūnām | jāmim | ajāmim | pra | mṛṇīhi | śatrūn
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 4.4.5 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“upper; up(a); upper; upward; erect; more(a); raised; ūrdhva [word]; acclivitous; overturned; loud; eminent; high.”
[verb], singular, Present imperative
“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”
[adverb]
“towards; per; regarding; respectively; according to; until.”
[verb], singular, Present imperative
“pierce; vedhay; pierce; transfix; bleed; pierce; cut off; injure.”
[adverb]
“on; from; accordingly.”
[noun], ablative, plural
“I; mine.”
[noun], nominative, singular, feminine
“birth pangs.”
[verb], singular, Present imperative
“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[adverb]
“down.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“firm; hard; lasting; calm; stable; immovable; firm; strong; sthira [word]; vegetable; potent; steadfast; durable; firm; trustworthy; trustworthy; diligent.”
[verb], singular, Present imperative
“expand; perform; cause; increase; write; spread; produce; spread; speak; propagate.”
[?]
“_”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“related; ancestral; customary; usual.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“unrelated; foreign-born.”
[adverb]
“towards; ahead.”
[verb], singular, Present imperative
“crush; destroy.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“enemy; foe; enemy; Asura.”