Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 4.4.1
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
कृ॒णु॒ष्व पाज॒: प्रसि॑तिं॒ न पृ॒थ्वीं या॒हि राजे॒वाम॑वाँ॒ इभे॑न । तृ॒ष्वीमनु॒ प्रसि॑तिं द्रूणा॒नोऽस्ता॑सि॒ विध्य॑ र॒क्षस॒स्तपि॑ष्ठैः ॥
कृणुष्व पाजः प्रसितिं न पृथ्वीं याहि राजेवामवाँ इभेन । तृष्वीमनु प्रसितिं द्रूणानोऽस्तासि विध्य रक्षसस्तपिष्ठैः ॥
kṛṇuṣva pājaḥ prasitiṃ na pṛthvīṃ yāhi rājevāmavām̐ ibhena | tṛṣvīm anu prasitiṃ drūṇāno 'stāsi vidhya rakṣasas tapiṣṭhaiḥ ||
English translation:
“Put forth your strength, Agni, as a fowler spreads a capacious snare; proceed like a king attended by his followers on his elephant; you are the scatterer (of your foes); following the swift-moving host consume the rākṣasas with your fiercest flames.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Yajus. 13.9; like a king attended: rājevāmavān ibhena: ibha may also mean fearless, gatabhayena;or, hastinā;
Ama = a minister, for āmātya;or ama, an associate; or, sickness, inflicting it on the foe (cf. the same verse in Nirukta 6.13); following the swift-moving host: tṛṣvīm anu prasitim drūṇānaḥ = kṣipragāminīm prakṛṣṭām senām anugacchan;
Tṛṣvya = quick; santataya gatya, with extended or continuous march;
Prasiti = a net, a snare
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): rakṣohā'gniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): bhurikpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
कृ॒णु॒ष्व । पाजः॑ । प्रऽसि॑तिम् । न । पृ॒थ्वीम् । या॒हि । राजा॑ऽइव । अम॑ऽवान् । इभे॑न । तृ॒ष्वीम् । अनु॑ । प्रऽसि॑तिम् । द्रू॒णा॒नः । अस्ता॑ । अ॒सि॒ । विध्य॑ । र॒क्षसः॑ । तपि॑ष्ठैः ॥
कृणुष्व । पाजः । प्रसितिम् । न । पृथ्वीम् । याहि । राजाइव । अमवान् । इभेन । तृष्वीम् । अनु । प्रसितिम् । द्रूणानः । अस्ता । असि । विध्य । रक्षसः । तपिष्ठैः ॥
kṛṇuṣva | pājaḥ | pra-sitim | na | pṛthvīm | yāhi | rājāiva | ama-vān | ibhena | tṛṣvīm | anu | pra-sitim | drūṇānaḥ | astā | asi | vidhya | rakṣasaḥ | tapiṣṭhaiḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 4.4.1 English analysis of grammar]
[verb], singular, Present imperative
“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“luminosity; look.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“binding.”
[adverb]
“not; like; no; na [word].”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“broad; wide; great; flat; pṛthu [word]; far.”
[verb], singular, Present imperative
“go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“king; Kshatriya; rājan [word]; best; rājāvarta; Yakṣa.”
[adverb]
“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“impressive; strong.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
“elephant.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“dry.”
[adverb]
“subsequently; behind; along; towards; because.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“binding.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
[verb], singular, periphrast. future
“shoot; remove.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”
[verb], singular, Present imperative
“pierce; vedhay; pierce; transfix; bleed; pierce; cut off; injure.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
“burning; ablaze(p).”