Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 4.3.7

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

क॒था म॒हे पु॑ष्टिम्भ॒राय॑ पू॒ष्णे कद्रु॒द्राय॒ सुम॑खाय हवि॒र्दे । कद्विष्ण॑व उरुगा॒याय॒ रेतो॒ ब्रव॒: कद॑ग्ने॒ शर॑वे बृह॒त्यै ॥
कथा महे पुष्टिम्भराय पूष्णे कद्रुद्राय सुमखाय हविर्दे । कद्विष्णव उरुगायाय रेतो ब्रवः कदग्ने शरवे बृहत्यै ॥
kathā mahe puṣṭimbharāya pūṣṇe kad rudrāya sumakhāya havirde | kad viṣṇava urugāyāya reto bravaḥ kad agne śarave bṛhatyai ||

English translation:

“Why to the great and nutriment-conveying Pūṣan? why to Rudra, the object of worship, the giver of the oblation (to the gods)? why to the many-hymned Viṣṇu? why tell our sin to the extensive year?”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

To the extensive year: śarave bṛhatyai: śaruḥ, śarat, saṃvatsaraḥ; or, śaru = nirṛti, the feminine le person nification of evil; niṛṛti also occurs as a masculine (nirṛtir yajñavighāti rākṣasaḥ, an evil spirit disturbing sacrifice : Taittirīya Yajus. 1.2,11);

Nirṛti = nairṛta; nirṛtir sva nairṛta iti vā (Amarakośa 1.1,56); narṛtos tu khasaputro rakṣaso nirṛtis ca saḥ, Nairṛta, the son of Khasa, a rākṣasa, he is also Nirṛti (Ratnakośa)

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): virāṭtrisṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

क॒था । म॒हे । पु॒ष्टि॒म्ऽभ॒राय॑ । पू॒ष्णे । कत् । रु॒द्राय॑ । सुऽम॑खाय । ह॒विः॒ऽदे । कत् । विष्ण॑वे । उ॒रु॒ऽगा॒याय॑ । रेतः॑ । ब्रवः॑ । कत् । अ॒ग्ने॒ । शर॑वे । बृ॒ह॒त्यै ॥
कथा । महे । पुष्टिम्भराय । पूष्णे । कत् । रुद्राय । सुमखाय । हविःदे । कत् । विष्णवे । उरुगायाय । रेतः । ब्रवः । कत् । अग्ने । शरवे । बृहत्यै ॥
kathā | mahe | puṣtim-bharāya | pūṣṇe | kat | rudrāya | su-makhāya | haviḥ-de | kat | v iṣṇave | uru-gāyāya | retaḥ | bravaḥ | kat | agne | śarave | bṛhatyai

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 4.3.7 English analysis of grammar]

kathā

[adverb]

“how.”

mahe < mah

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“great; great; distinguished; much(a); adult; long; high.”

puṣṭimbharāya < puṣṭimbhara

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

pūṣṇe < pūṣan

[noun], dative, singular

“Pushan; pūṣan [word]; sun.”

kad < ka

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“what; who; ka [pronoun].”

rudrāya < rudra

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“Shiva; Rudra; eleven; rudra [word]; eleventh.”

sumakhāya < su

[adverb]

“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

sumakhāya < makhāya < makha

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

havirde < haviḥ < havis

[noun], neuter

“Havya; offering; ghee; havis [word].”

havirde < de <

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“giving.”

kad < ka

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“what; who; ka [pronoun].”

viṣṇava < viṣṇave < viṣṇu

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“Vishnu; Krishna; Viṣṇu; Om; Shiva.”

urugāyāya < urugāya

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

reto < retaḥ < retas

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“semen; sperm.”

bravaḥ < brū

[verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)

“say; tell; describe; speak; state; answer; call; explain; address; proclaim; talk; talk; choose.”

kad < ka

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“what; who; ka [pronoun].”

agne < agni

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

śarave < śaru

[noun], dative, singular, feminine

“arrow.”

bṛhatyai < bṛhat

[noun], dative, singular, feminine

“large; great; loud; high; much(a); exalted; abundant; intensive; strong; huge.”

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