Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 4.1.20
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
विश्वे॑षा॒मदि॑तिर्य॒ज्ञिया॑नां॒ विश्वे॑षा॒मति॑थि॒र्मानु॑षाणाम् । अ॒ग्निर्दे॒वाना॒मव॑ आवृणा॒नः सु॑मृळी॒को भ॑वतु जा॒तवे॑दाः ॥
विश्वेषामदितिर्यज्ञियानां विश्वेषामतिथिर्मानुषाणाम् । अग्निर्देवानामव आवृणानः सुमृळीको भवतु जातवेदाः ॥
viśveṣām aditir yajñiyānāṃ viśveṣām atithir mānuṣāṇām | agnir devānām ava āvṛṇānaḥ sumṛḻīko bhavatu jātavedāḥ ||
English translation:
“May Agni be the Aditi of all those in whom sacrifice is offered; may he be the guest of all men; receiving the (sacrificial) food of the devout may he to whom all is known, be the bestower of felicity.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Yajus. 33.16; may Agni be the Aditi: may he be the cherisher of the gods as if he were Aditi, their mother; or, Aditi may mean the earth, which is their stay or support;
Aditi = without a defect, gasyo khaṇḍanam nāsa adian, not mean or base; receiving the sacrificial food: devānām ava avriṇanaḥ = participating in the sacrificial food of the worshippers; or, delivering oblations offered to the gods, i.e., through fire
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): svarāṭpaṅkti;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
विश्वे॑षाम् । अदि॑तिः । य॒ज्ञियानाम् । विश्वे॑षाम् । अति॑थिः । मानु॑षाणाम् । अ॒ग्निः । दे॒वाना॑म् । अवः॑ । आ॒ऽवृ॒णा॒नः । सु॒ऽमृ॒ळी॒कः । भ॒व॒तु॒ । जा॒तऽवे॑दाः ॥
विश्वेषाम् । अदितिः । यज्ञियानाम् । विश्वेषाम् । अतिथिः । मानुषाणाम् । अग्निः । देवानाम् । अवः । आवृणानः । सुमृळीकः । भवतु । जातवेदाः ॥
viśveṣām | aditiḥ | yajñiyānām | viśveṣām | atithiḥ | mānuṣāṇām | agniḥ | devānām | avaḥ | āvṛṇānaḥ | su-mṛḷīkaḥ | bhavatu | jāta-vedāḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 4.1.20 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], genitive, plural, masculine
“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”
[noun], nominative, singular, feminine
“Aditi; aditi [word].”
[noun], genitive, plural, masculine
“sacrificial; divine; devoted.”
[noun], genitive, plural, masculine
“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“guest; atithi [word]; Atithi.”
[noun], genitive, plural, masculine
“man; man.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[noun], genitive, plural, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“aid; favor; protection.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“prefer; choose.”
[adverb]
“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“compassion; favor.”
[verb], singular, Present imperative
“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Agni; fire.”