Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 4.1.17

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

नेश॒त्तमो॒ दुधि॑तं॒ रोच॑त॒ द्यौरुद्दे॒व्या उ॒षसो॑ भा॒नुर॑र्त । आ सूर्यो॑ बृह॒तस्ति॑ष्ठ॒दज्राँ॑ ऋ॒जु मर्ते॑षु वृजि॒ना च॒ पश्य॑न् ॥
नेशत्तमो दुधितं रोचत द्यौरुद्देव्या उषसो भानुरर्त । आ सूर्यो बृहतस्तिष्ठदज्राँ ऋजु मर्तेषु वृजिना च पश्यन् ॥
neśat tamo dudhitaṃ rocata dyaur ud devyā uṣaso bhānur arta | ā sūryo bṛhatas tiṣṭhad ajrām̐ ṛju marteṣu vṛjinā ca paśyan ||

English translation:

“The scattered darkness was destroyed; the firmament glowed with radiance; the lustre of the divine dawn arose; then the sun stood above the undecaying mountains, beholding all that was right or wrong among mankind.”

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): virāṭtrisṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

नेश॑त् । तमः॑ । दुधि॑तम् । रोच॑त । द्यौः । उत् । दे॒व्याः । उ॒षसः॑ । भा॒नुः । अ॒र्त॒ । आ । सूर्यः॑ । बृ॒ह॒तः । ति॒ष्ठ॒त् । अज्रा॑न् । ऋ॒जु । मर्ते॑षु । वृ॒ज्न॒ा । च॒ । पश्य॑न् ॥
नेशत् । तमः । दुधितम् । रोचत । द्यौः । उत् । देव्याः । उषसः । भानुः । अर्त । आ । सूर्यः । बृहतः । तिष्ठत् । अज्रान् । ऋजु । मर्तेषु । वृज्ना । च । पश्यन् ॥
neśat | tamaḥ | dudhitam | rocata | dyauḥ | ut | devyāḥ | uṣasaḥ | bhānuḥ | arta | ā | sūryaḥ | bṛhataḥ | tiṣṭhat | ajrān | ṛju | marteṣu | vṛjina | ca | paśyan

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 4.1.17 English analysis of grammar]

neśat < naś

[verb], singular, Redupl. Aorist (Ind.)

“disappear; vanish; gasify; fail; perish; lose; bhasmībhū.”

tamo < tamaḥ < tamas

[noun], nominative, singular, neuter

“dark; darkness; Tamas; tamas [word]; faint; tamas; gloom; ignorance.”

dudhitaṃ < dudhitam < dudhita

[noun], nominative, singular, neuter

rocata < ruc

[verb], singular, Imperfect

“please; shine.”

dyaur < dyauḥ < div

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

ud

[adverb]

“up.”

devyā < devyāḥ < deva

[noun], genitive, singular, feminine

“divine.”

uṣaso < uṣasaḥ < uṣas

[noun], genitive, singular, feminine

“Ushas; dawn; uṣas [word]; morning.”

bhānur < bhānuḥ < bhānu

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“sun; Surya; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sunbeam; beam; luminosity; copper; light; twelve; appearance; Bhānu; flare.”

arta < ṛch

[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)

“enter (a state); travel; shoot; send; hit; originate; get; raise; begin; harm.”

ā

[adverb]

“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

sūryo < sūryaḥ < sūrya

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”

bṛhatas < bṛhataḥ < bṛhat

[noun], accusative, plural, masculine

“large; great; loud; high; much(a); exalted; abundant; intensive; strong; huge.”

tiṣṭhad < tiṣṭhat < sthā

[verb], singular, Imperfect

“stay; stand; situate; exist; [in]; resist; endure; put; soak; be; stop; adhere; get stale; concentrate; grow; trust; wake; consociate; last; dwell; lie; stand; stop.”

ajrāṃ < ajra

[noun], accusative, plural, masculine

“plain.”

ṛju

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“honest; straight; straight; ṛju [word]; sincere; erect; upright.”

marteṣu < marta

[noun], locative, plural, masculine

“man.”

vṛjinā < vṛjina

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“sin.”

ca

[adverb]

“and; besides; then; now; even.”

paśyan < paś

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“see; view; watch; meet; observe; think of; look; examine; behold; visit; understand.”

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