Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 4.1.16
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
ते म॑न्वत प्रथ॒मं नाम॑ धे॒नोस्त्रिः स॒प्त मा॒तुः प॑र॒माणि॑ विन्दन् । तज्जा॑न॒तीर॒भ्य॑नूषत॒ व्रा आ॒विर्भु॑वदरु॒णीर्य॒शसा॒ गोः ॥
ते मन्वत प्रथमं नाम धेनोस्त्रिः सप्त मातुः परमाणि विन्दन् । तज्जानतीरभ्यनूषत व्रा आविर्भुवदरुणीर्यशसा गोः ॥
te manvata prathamaṃ nāma dhenos triḥ sapta mātuḥ paramāṇi vindan | taj jānatīr abhy anūṣata vrā āvir bhuvad aruṇīr yaśasā goḥ ||
English translation:
“They first have comprehended the name of the kine, knowing the thrice seven excellent (forms) or the maternal (rhythm); then they glorified the conscious dawns and the purple dawn appeared with the radiance of the sun.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Comprehended the name of the kine: te manvata prathamam nāma dhenoḥ: dhenoḥ = vāk, speech and with nāma, stutisādhakam śabdamātram, mere sound as the means of praise; the passage may also refer to the ancient nominative nclature of cattle, as uttered by the Aṅgirasas: ehi surabhi, guggulu, gandhini; thrice seven: twenty one metres of the vedas
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
ते । म॒न्व॒त॒ । प्र॒थ॒मम् । नाम॑ । धे॒नोः । त्रिः । स॒प्त । मा॒तुः । प॒र॒माणि॑ । वि॒न्द॒न् । तत् । जा॒न॒तीः । अ॒भि । अ॒नू॒ष॒त॒ । व्राः । आ॒विः । भु॒व॒त् । अ॒रु॒णीः । य॒शसा॑ । गोः ॥
ते । मन्वत । प्रथमम् । नाम । धेनोः । त्रिः । सप्त । मातुः । परमाणि । विन्दन् । तत् । जानतीः । अभि । अनूषत । व्राः । आविः । भुवत् । अरुणीः । यशसा । गोः ॥
te | manvata | prathamam | nāma | dhenoḥ | triḥ | sapta | mātuḥ | paramāṇi | vindan | tat | jānatīḥ | abhi | anūṣata | vrāḥ | āviḥ | bhuvat | aruṇīḥ | yaśasā | goḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 4.1.16 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[verb], plural, Present injunctive
“think of; name; believe; teach; honor; deem; recommend; approve; think; define; call; respect; believe; enumerate; understand; see; describe.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“first; prathama [word]; third; young; chief(a); best; antecedent.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“name; appellation; nāman [word]; nāmakaraṇa; surname; noun; word.”
[noun], genitive, singular, feminine
“cow; dhenu [word]; milk.”
[adverb]
“thrice; tris [word].”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“seven; seventh.”
[noun], genitive, singular, feminine
“mother; mātṛkā; mātṛ [word]; parent; Salvinia cucullata Roxb.; Citrullus colocynthis Schrad.; cow.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“extreme; best; excellent; highest; highest; devoted(p); maximal; distant; parama [word]; very; farthermost.”
[verb], plural, Present injunctive
“find; detect; marry; get; think.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[verb noun], nominative, plural
“know; diagnose; perceive; know; come to know; notice; determine; think of; find; learn; perceive; identify; recognize; understand; know; learn; ascertain; detect; deem.”
[adverb]
“towards; on.”
[verb], plural, Athematic s aor. (Ind.)
“praise; shout.”
[noun], nominative, plural, feminine
[adverb]
“openly; obviously.”
[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”
[noun], nominative, singular, feminine
“dawn.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
“fame; Yaśas.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”