Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 4.1.13
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
अ॒स्माक॒मत्र॑ पि॒तरो॑ मनु॒ष्या॑ अ॒भि प्र से॑दुॠ॒तमा॑शुषा॒णाः । अश्म॑व्रजाः सु॒दुघा॑ व॒व्रे अ॒न्तरुदु॒स्रा आ॑जन्नु॒षसो॑ हुवा॒नाः ॥
अस्माकमत्र पितरो मनुष्या अभि प्र सेदुॠतमाशुषाणाः । अश्मव्रजाः सुदुघा वव्रे अन्तरुदुस्रा आजन्नुषसो हुवानाः ॥
asmākam atra pitaro manuṣyā abhi pra sedur ṛtam āśuṣāṇāḥ | aśmavrajāḥ sudughā vavre antar ud usrā ājann uṣaso huvānāḥ ||
English translation:
“In this world, our mortal forefathers departed after instrumental tuting the sacred rite, when, calling upon the dawn, they extricated the milk-yielding kine, concealed among the rocks in the darkness (of the cave).”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Our mortal forefathers: the aṅgirasas; the reference is to the origin of fire-worship by Aṅgiras and his followers
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
अ॒स्माक॑म् । अत्र॑ । पि॒तरः॑ । म॒नु॒ष्याः॑ । अ॒भि । प्र । से॒दुः॒ । ऋ॒तम् । आ॒शु॒षा॒णाः । अश्म॑ऽव्रजाः । सु॒ऽदुघा॑ । व॒व्रे । अ॒न्तः । उत् । उ॒स्राः । आ॒ज॒न् । उ॒षसः॑ । हु॒वा॒नाः ॥
अस्माकम् । अत्र । पितरः । मनुष्याः । अभि । प्र । सेदुः । ऋतम् । आशुषाणाः । अश्मव्रजाः । सुदुघा । वव्रे । अन्तः । उत् । उस्राः । आजन् । उषसः । हुवानाः ॥
asmākam | atra | pitaraḥ | manuṣyāḥ | abhi | pra | seduḥ | ṛtam | āśuṣāṇāḥ | aśma-vrajāḥ | su-dughā | vavre | antaḥ | ut | usrāḥ | ājan | uṣasaḥ | huvānāḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 4.1.13 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], genitive, plural
“I; mine.”
[adverb]
“now; there; then; then; there; here; here; in the following; alternatively; now.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“father; Pitṛ; ancestor; parent; paternal ancestor; pitṛ [word]; forefather.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“human.”
[adverb]
“towards; on.”
[adverb]
“towards; ahead.”
[verb], plural, Perfect indicative
“sit down; break down; slow; sink; crumble; fracture; perish; ride; stop; besiege; tire.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”
[verb noun], nominative, plural
[noun], masculine
“stone; aśmarī; rock; aśman [word]; adri; mineral; piṇḍatālaka; mountain.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“cow pen; Vraja; battalion; Vraja; Vraja; vraja [word]; vraj; herd; flock; group.”
[adverb]
“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“yielding.”
[noun], locative, singular, masculine
[adverb]
“inside; in; antar [word]; midmost; between; among.”
[adverb]
“up.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“cow; dawn.”
[verb], plural, Imperfect
“drive; expel.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“Ushas; dawn; uṣas [word]; morning.”
[verb noun], nominative, plural
“raise; call on; call; summon.”