Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 3.56.3

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्रि॒पा॒ज॒स्यो वृ॑ष॒भो वि॒श्वरू॑प उ॒त त्र्यु॒धा पु॑रु॒ध प्र॒जावा॑न् । त्र्य॒नी॒कः प॑त्यते॒ माहि॑नावा॒न्त्स रे॑तो॒धा वृ॑ष॒भः शश्व॑तीनाम् ॥
त्रिपाजस्यो वृषभो विश्वरूप उत त्र्युधा पुरुध प्रजावान् । त्र्यनीकः पत्यते माहिनावान्त्स रेतोधा वृषभः शश्वतीनाम् ॥
tripājasyo vṛṣabho viśvarūpa uta tryudhā purudha prajāvān | tryanīkaḥ patyate māhināvān sa retodhā vṛṣabhaḥ śaśvatīnām ||

English translation:

“The tree-breasted, the showerer (of rain), the omniform, the three-uddered, the parent of multiform progeny, the possessor of magnitude, followed by three hosts (the year), advances, the vigorous impregnator of the perpetual plural nts.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Three-breasted: thatis, as subsequently specified, the year, person nified; the number three, repeatedly mentioned, is said to apply to the seasons of the year, reduced from the usual number of six to three, the hot, rainy, and cold, by merging into them, severally, the vernal, autumnal, and dewy.

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): prajāpatirvaiśvāmitro vācyo vā [prajāpatirvaiśvāmitra vācya vā];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): viśvedevā:;
Chandas (meter): virāṭtrisṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्रि॒ऽपा॒ज॒स्यः । वृ॒ष॒भः । वि॒श्वऽरू॑पः । उ॒त । त्रि॒ऽउ॒धा । पु॒रु॒ध । प्र॒जाऽवा॑न् । त्रि॒ऽअ॒नी॒कः । प॒त्य॒ते॒ । माहि॑नऽवा॒न् । सः । रे॒तः॒ऽधा । वृ॒ष॒भः । शश्व॑तीनाम् ॥
त्रिपाजस्यः । वृषभः । विश्वरूपः । उत । त्रिउधा । पुरुध । प्रजावान् । त्रिअनीकः । पत्यते । माहिनवान् । सः । रेतःधा । वृषभः । शश्वतीनाम् ॥
tri-pājasyaḥ | vṛṣabhaḥ | viśva-rūpaḥ | uta | tri-udhā | purudha | prajāvān | tri-anīkaḥ | patyate | māhina-vān | saḥ | retaḥ-dhā | vṛṣabhaḥ | śaśvatīnām

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 3.56.3 English analysis of grammar]

tripājasyo < tri

[noun]

“three; tri/tisṛ [word].”

tripājasyo < pājasyaḥ < pājasya

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“abdomen; belly.”

vṛṣabho < vṛṣabhaḥ < vṛṣabha

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“bull; Vṛṣabha; Vṛṣabha; best.”

viśvarūpa < viśva

[noun]

“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

viśvarūpa < rūpaḥ < rūpa

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“form; appearance; beauty; look; shape; shape; symptom; feature; nature; guise; rūpa [word]; one; appearance; likeness; color; kind; vowel; type; disguise; aspect; form; derivative; omen; vision.”

uta

[adverb]

“and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

tryudhā < tri

[noun]

“three; tri/tisṛ [word].”

tryudhā < udhā < udhan

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“udder.”

purudha < purudhā

[adverb]

“multiply.”

prajāvān < prajāvat

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“prolific.”

tryanīkaḥ < tri

[noun]

“three; tri/tisṛ [word].”

tryanīkaḥ < anīkaḥ < anīka

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“army; face; battalion; battlefront; point; appearance.”

patyate < paty

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“own; have; master.”

māhināvān < māhināvat

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“mighty.”

sa < tad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

retodhā < retodhāḥ < retodhā

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

vṛṣabhaḥ < vṛṣabha

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“bull; Vṛṣabha; Vṛṣabha; best.”

śaśvatīnām < śaśvat

[noun], genitive, plural, feminine

“all(a).”

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