Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 3.53.19

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒भि व्य॑यस्व खदि॒रस्य॒ सार॒मोजो॑ धेहि स्पन्द॒ने शिं॒शपा॑याम् । अक्ष॑ वीळो वीळित वी॒ळय॑स्व॒ मा यामा॑द॒स्मादव॑ जीहिपो नः ॥
अभि व्ययस्व खदिरस्य सारमोजो धेहि स्पन्दने शिंशपायाम् । अक्ष वीळो वीळित वीळयस्व मा यामादस्मादव जीहिपो नः ॥
abhi vyayasva khadirasya sāram ojo dhehi spandane śiṃśapāyām | akṣa vīḻo vīḻita vīḻayasva mā yāmād asmād ava jīhipo naḥ ||

English translation:

“Fix firmly the substance of the khayar (axle), give solidity to the śiśu (floor) of the car; strong axle, strongly fixed by us, be strong; cast us not from out of our conveyance.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Khayar and śiśu: khadirasya sāram is the text;

Khadira = mimosa catechu of which the bolt of the axle is made; while the śiṃśapa, dalbergia sisu furnishes wood for the floor; these are still timber-trees in common use

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gopavana ātreyaḥ saptavadhrirvā [gopavana ātreya saptavadhrirvā];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): rathāṅgāni;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒भि । व्य॒य॒स्व॒ । ख॒दि॒रस्य॑ । सार॑म् । ओजः॑ । धे॒हि॒ । स्प॒न्द॒ने । शिं॒शपा॑याम् । अक्ष॑ । वी॒ळो॒ इति॑ । वी॒ळि॒त॒ । वी॒ळय॑स्व । मा । यामा॑त् । अ॒स्मात् । अव॑ । जी॒हि॒पः॒ । नः॒ ॥
अभि । व्ययस्व । खदिरस्य । सारम् । ओजः । धेहि । स्पन्दने । शिंशपायाम् । अक्ष । वीळो इति । वीळित । वीळयस्व । मा । यामात् । अस्मात् । अव । जीहिपः । नः ॥
abhi | vyayasva | khadirasya | sāram | ojaḥ | dhehi | spandane | śiṃśapāyām | akṣa | vīḷo iti | vīḷita | vīḷayasva | mā | yāmāt | asmāt | ava | jīhipaḥ | naḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 3.53.19 English analysis of grammar]

abhi

[adverb]

“towards; on.”

vyayasva < vye

[verb], singular, Present imperative

“cover.”

khadirasya < khadira

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“catechu; khadira [word].”

sāram < sāra

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“essence; sāra; heartwood; quintessence; sāra; iron; possession; value; sālasārādi; sap; mineral; kernel; catechu; quintessence.”

ojo < ojaḥ < ojas

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“strength; power; ojas; ojas [word]; potency; might.”

dhehi < dhā

[verb], singular, Present imperative

“put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

spandane < spandana

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

śiṃśapāyām < śiṃśapā

[noun], locative, singular, feminine

“sissoo; śiṃśapā [word].”

akṣa

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“axle.”

vīᄆo < vīḍu

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“hard; firm.”

vīᄆita < vīḍita < vīḍay < √vīḍ

[verb noun], vocative, singular

“solidify; strengthen.”

vīᄆayasva < vīḍay < √vīḍ

[verb], singular, Present imperative

“solidify; strengthen.”

[adverb]

“not.”

yāmād < yāmāt < yāma

[noun], ablative, singular, masculine

“prahara; watch; travel; path.”

asmād < asmāt < idam

[noun], ablative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

ava

[adverb]

“down.”

jīhipo < jīhipaḥ < hāpay < √hā

[verb], singular, Redupl. Aorist (Ind.)

“miss.”

naḥ < mad

[noun], accusative, plural

“I; mine.”

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