Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 3.49.4

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

ध॒र्ता दि॒वो रज॑सस्पृ॒ष्ट ऊ॒र्ध्वो रथो॒ न वा॒युर्वसु॑भिर्नि॒युत्वा॑न् । क्ष॒पां व॒स्ता ज॑नि॒ता सूर्य॑स्य॒ विभ॑क्ता भा॒गं धि॒षणे॑व॒ वाज॑म् ॥
धर्ता दिवो रजसस्पृष्ट ऊर्ध्वो रथो न वायुर्वसुभिर्नियुत्वान् । क्षपां वस्ता जनिता सूर्यस्य विभक्ता भागं धिषणेव वाजम् ॥
dhartā divo rajasas pṛṣṭa ūrdhvo ratho na vāyur vasubhir niyutvān | kṣapāṃ vastā janitā sūryasya vibhaktā bhāgaṃ dhiṣaṇeva vājam ||

English translation:

“The upholder of heaven and of the firmament, the wind, like a chariot traversing the upper (region) accompanied by the Vasus; the clother of the night (with gloom), the parent of the sun, the distributor of the portion (allotted to the pious), like the words (of the wealthy appropriating to all) the food.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Priṣṭaḥ ūrdhvo ratho na vāyur vasubhir niyutvān: indra is also designated here as vāyu; the vasus are said to be the maruts; another explanation: as, vāyu, having the niyuts for his steeds, moves like a chariot on high, so does Indra, accompanied by the Maruts

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gopavana ātreyaḥ saptavadhrirvā [gopavana ātreya saptavadhrirvā];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

ध॒र्ता । दि॒वः । रज॑सः । पृ॒ष्टः । ऊ॒र्ध्वः । रथः॑ । न । वा॒युः । वसु॑ऽभिः । नि॒युत्वा॑न् । क्ष॒पाम् । व॒स्ता । ज॒नि॒ता । सूर्य॑स्य । विऽभ॑क्ता । भा॒गम् । धि॒षणा॑ऽइव । वाज॑म् ॥
धर्ता । दिवः । रजसः । पृष्टः । ऊर्ध्वः । रथः । न । वायुः । वसुभिः । नियुत्वान् । क्षपाम् । वस्ता । जनिता । सूर्यस्य । विभक्ता । भागम् । धिषणाइव । वाजम् ॥
dhartā | divaḥ | rajasaḥ | pṛṣṭaḥ | ūrdhvaḥ | rathaḥ | na | vāyuḥ | vasu-bhiḥ | niyutvān | kṣapām | vastā | janitā | sūryasya | vi-bhaktā | bhāgam | dhiṣaṇāiva | vājam

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 3.49.4 English analysis of grammar]

dhartā < dhartṛ

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“supporter.”

divo < divaḥ < div

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

rajasas < rajas

[noun], genitive, singular, neuter

“powder; menorrhea; dust; Rajas; atmosphere; rajas; pollen; passion; rajas [word]; sindūra; rust; tin; impurity; dark; sky.”

pṛṣṭa < pṛṣṭaḥ < pracch

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“ask; ask; ask; consult; interrogate.”

ūrdhvo < ūrdhvaḥ < ūrdhva

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“upper; up(a); upper; upward; erect; more(a); raised; ūrdhva [word]; acclivitous; overturned; loud; eminent; high.”

ratho < rathaḥ < ratha

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

vāyur < vāyuḥ < vāyu

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“wind; Vayu; vāta; prāṇa (coll.); air; air; fart; breath; northwest; draft; vāyu [word]; Vāyu; Marut.”

vasubhir < vasubhiḥ < vasu

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“Vasu; Vasu; eight; vas; audbhida; Deva; sun; pāṃśuja; Agni.”

niyutvān < niyutvat

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

kṣapāṃ < kṣapām < kṣap

[noun], genitive, plural, feminine

“night.”

vastā < vas

[verb], singular, periphrast. future

“dawn; shine.”

janitā < jan

[verb], singular, periphrast. future

“become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”

sūryasya < sūrya

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”

vibhaktā < vibhaj < √bhaj

[verb], singular, periphrast. future

“divide; give away; distribute; choose; allocate; separate; spread; consider; assign; distinguish; proportion.”

bhāgaṃ < bhāgam < bhāga

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“part; part; part; parcel; quarter; body part; location; region; allotment; part; numerator; division; application; function; outside; bhāga [word]; volume; helping.”

dhiṣaṇeva < dhiṣaṇā

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“heaven and earth.”

dhiṣaṇeva < iva

[adverb]

“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

vājam < vāja

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“prize; Vāja; reward; reward; Ribhus; vigor; strength; contest.”

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