Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 3.48.4
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
उ॒ग्रस्तु॑रा॒षाळ॒भिभू॑त्योजा यथाव॒शं त॒न्वं॑ चक्र ए॒षः । त्वष्टा॑र॒मिन्द्रो॑ ज॒नुषा॑भि॒भूया॒मुष्या॒ सोम॑मपिबच्च॒मूषु॑ ॥
उग्रस्तुराषाळभिभूत्योजा यथावशं तन्वं चक्र एषः । त्वष्टारमिन्द्रो जनुषाभिभूयामुष्या सोममपिबच्चमूषु ॥
ugras turāṣāḻ abhibhūtyojā yathāvaśaṃ tanvaṃ cakra eṣaḥ | tvaṣṭāram indro januṣābhibhūyāmuṣyā somam apibac camūṣu ||
English translation:
“Fierce, rapid in assault, of overpowering strength he made his form obedient to his will; having overcome Tvaṣṭā by his innate (vigour), and carried off the Soma, he draink it (deposited) in the ladles.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Made his form obedient to his will: According to sūkta 3.8, rūpam rūpam maghavan bobhavīti, Maghavan is repeatedy of various forms; he can take what form he wills
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gopavana ātreyaḥ saptavadhrirvā [gopavana ātreya saptavadhrirvā];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
उ॒ग्रः । तु॒रा॒षाट् । अ॒भिभू॑तिऽओजाः । य॒था॒ऽव॒शम् । त॒न्व॑म् । च॒क्रे॒ । ए॒षः । त्वष्टा॑रम् । इन्द्रः॑ । ज॒नुषा॑ । अ॒भि॒ऽभूय॑ । आ॒ऽमुष्य॑ । सोम॑म् । अ॒पि॒ब॒त् । च॒मूषु॑ ॥
उग्रः । तुराषाट् । अभिभूतिओजाः । यथावशम् । तन्वम् । चक्रे । एषः । त्वष्टारम् । इन्द्रः । जनुषा । अभिभूय । आमुष्य । सोमम् । अपिबत् । चमूषु ॥
ugraḥ | turāṣāṭ | abhibhūti-ojāḥ | yathāvaśam | tanvam | cakre | eṣaḥ | tvaṣṭāram | indraḥ | januṣā | abhi-bhūya | āmuṣya | somam | apibat | camūṣu
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 3.48.4 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“powerful; awful; dangerous; intense; mighty; potent; colicky; atrocious.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Indra.”
[noun], feminine
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“strength; power; ojas; ojas [word]; potency; might.”
[adverb]
[noun], accusative, singular
“body; self; own(a); person; form.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); etad [word].”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Tvaṣṭṛ; Viśvakarman; sun.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
“birth.”
[verb noun]
“overcome; overwhelm; contract; possess.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“that; John Doe; yonder; from here.”
[adverb]
“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“drink; gulp; soak; drink; suck; inhale.”
[noun], locative, plural, feminine
“army; camū; Camū.”