Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 3.33.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

प्र पर्व॑तानामुश॒ती उ॒पस्था॒दश्वे॑ इव॒ विषि॑ते॒ हास॑माने । गावे॑व शु॒भ्रे मा॒तरा॑ रिहा॒णे विपा॑ट् छुतु॒द्री पय॑सा जवेते ॥
प्र पर्वतानामुशती उपस्थादश्वे इव विषिते हासमाने । गावेव शुभ्रे मातरा रिहाणे विपाट् छुतुद्री पयसा जवेते ॥
pra parvatānām uśatī upasthād aśve iva viṣite hāsamāne | gāveva śubhre mātarā rihāṇe vipāṭ chutudrī payasā javete ||

English translation:

“Rushing from the flanks of the mountains, eager (to reach the sea) like two mares with loosened reins contending (with each other in speed), like two fair mother cows (hastening) to caress (their calves), the Vipās' and Śutudri, flow readily with (united) waterṣ ”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Śutudri: legend (also given in Nirukta 2.24): Viśvāmitra, the family priest of Sudās, the son of Paijavana, having gained much wealth in his service, was returning with it home, when his road brought him to the confluence of the Vipās' and Śutudri; in order to make them fordable, he addressed to them the first verses of this sūkta, to which he replied, and allowed him and his followers to cross

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gopavana ātreyaḥ saptavadhrirvā [gopavana ātreya saptavadhrirvā];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): nadyaḥ ;
Chandas (meter): bhurikpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

प्र । पर्व॑तानाम् । उ॒श॒ती इति॑ । उ॒पऽस्था॑त् । अश्वे॑इ॒वेत्यश्वे॑ऽइव । विसि॑ते॒ इति॒ विऽसि॑ते । हास॑माने॒ इति॑ । गावा॑ऽइव । शु॒भ्रे इति॑ । मा॒तरा॑ । रि॒हा॒णे इति॑ । विऽपा॑ट् । शु॒तु॒द्री । पय॑सा । ज॒वे॒ते॒ इति॑ ॥
प्र । पर्वतानाम् । उशती इति । उपस्थात् । अश्वेइवेत्यश्वेइव । विसिते इति विसिते । हासमाने इति । गावाइव । शुभ्रे इति । मातरा । रिहाणे इति । विपाट् । शुतुद्री । पयसा । जवेते इति ॥
pra | parvatānām | uśatī iti | upa-sthāt | aśveivetyaśve--iva | visiteitivi-site | hāsamāneiti | gāvāiva | śubhre iti | mātarā | rihāṇe iti | vi-pāṭ | śutudrī | payasā | javeteiti

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 3.33.1 English analysis of grammar]

pra

[adverb]

“towards; ahead.”

parvatānām < parvata

[noun], genitive, plural, masculine

“mountain; Parvata; parvata [word]; Parvata; Parvata; rock; height.”

uśatī < vaś

[verb noun], nominative, dual

“desire; agree; call; care; like; love.”

upasthād < upasthāt < upastha

[noun], ablative, singular, neuter

“genitalia; lap; sexual desire; anus.”

aśve < aśvā

[noun], nominative, dual, feminine

“mare.”

iva

[adverb]

“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

viṣite < viṣita

[noun], nominative, dual, feminine

hāsamāne <

[verb noun], nominative, dual

“move over; yield; give way.”

gāveva < gāvā < go

[noun], nominative, dual, feminine

“cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

gāveva < iva

[adverb]

“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

śubhre < śubhra

[noun], nominative, dual, feminine

“white; beautiful; attractive; śubhra [word]; light.”

mātarā < mātṛ

[noun], nominative, dual, feminine

“mother; mātṛkā; mātṛ [word]; parent; Salvinia cucullata Roxb.; Citrullus colocynthis Schrad.; cow.”

rihāṇe < rih

[verb noun], nominative, dual

“lick.”

vipāṭ < vipāś

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“Vipāś.”

chutudrī < śutudrī

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“Sutlej/Śatadru.”

payasā < payas

[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter

“milk; milky juice; water; fluid; juice; payas [word]; drink.”

javete <

[verb], dual, Present indikative

“animate; encourage; impel; inspire.”

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