Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 3.31.21
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
अदे॑दिष्ट वृत्र॒हा गोप॑ति॒र्गा अ॒न्तः कृ॒ष्णाँ अ॑रु॒षैर्धाम॑भिर्गात् । प्र सू॒नृता॑ दि॒शमा॑न ऋ॒तेन॒ दुर॑श्च॒ विश्वा॑ अवृणो॒दप॒ स्वाः ॥
अदेदिष्ट वृत्रहा गोपतिर्गा अन्तः कृष्णाँ अरुषैर्धामभिर्गात् । प्र सूनृता दिशमान ऋतेन दुरश्च विश्वा अवृणोदप स्वाः ॥
adediṣṭa vṛtrahā gopatir gā antaḥ kṛṣṇām̐ aruṣair dhāmabhir gāt | pra sūnṛtā diśamāna ṛtena duraś ca viśvā avṛṇod apa svāḥ ||
English translation:
“Indra, the slayer of Vṛtra, the lord of herds, has discovered the cattle, and by his radiant effulgence driven away the black (asuras), and indicating with veracity (to the aṅgirasas) the honest (kine), he shut the gate uon all their own cattle.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
He shut the gate upon all: duraśca viśvā av.ṛṇod apa svāḥ = having plural ced the cattle in the cow-pens, he covered or closed the doors, vraje gāḥ sthāpayitvā tāni dvārāny acchāditavān
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gāthino viśvāmitraḥ, aiṣīrathīḥ kuśiko vā [gāthina viśvāmitra, aiṣīrathīḥ kuśika vā];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
अदे॑दिष्ट । वृ॒त्र॒ऽहा । गोऽप॑तिः । गाः । अ॒न्तरिति॑ । कृ॒ष्णान् । अ॒रु॒षैः । धाम॑ऽभिः । गा॒त् । प्र । सू॒नृताः॑ । दि॒शमा॑नः । ऋ॒तेन॑ । दुरः॑ । च॒ । विश्वाः॑ । अ॒वृ॒णो॒त् । अप॑ । स्वाः ॥
अदेदिष्ट । वृत्रहा । गोपतिः । गाः । अन्तरिति । कृष्णान् । अरुषैः । धामभिः । गात् । प्र । सूनृताः । दिशमानः । ऋतेन । दुरः । च । विश्वाः । अवृणोत् । अप । स्वाः ॥
adediṣṭa | vṛtra-hā | go--patiḥ | gāḥ | antariti | kṛṣṇān | aruṣaiḥ | dhāma-bhiḥ | gāt | pra | sūnṛtāḥ | diśamānaḥ | ṛtena | duraḥ | ca | viśvāḥ | avṛṇot | apa | svāḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 3.31.21 English analysis of grammar]
[verb], singular, Imperfect
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Indra.”
[noun], masculine
“cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“husband; overlord; king; deity; īśvara; ruler; pati [word]; commanding officer; leader; owner; mayor; lord.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”
[adverb]
“inside; in; antar [word]; midmost; between; among.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“black; dark; dark; blue; black.”
[noun], instrumental, plural, neuter
“red; red.”
[noun], instrumental, plural, neuter
“domain; dwelling; law; appearance; light; race; agreement; color; location.”
[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
“go; enter (a state); arrive.”
[adverb]
“towards; ahead.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“liberality.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“describe; give; give; teach.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
“truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“door; means.”
[adverb]
“and; besides; then; now; even.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“surround; accompany; cover; cover; obstruct; check; spread; envelop.”
[adverb]
“away.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“own(a); respective(a); akin(p); sva [word]; individual; present(a); independent.”