Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 3.31.8
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
स॒तःस॑तः प्रति॒मानं॑ पुरो॒भूर्विश्वा॑ वेद॒ जनि॑मा॒ हन्ति॒ शुष्ण॑म् । प्र णो॑ दि॒वः प॑द॒वीर्ग॒व्युरर्च॒न्त्सखा॒ सखीँ॑रमुञ्च॒न्निर॑व॒द्यात् ॥
सतःसतः प्रतिमानं पुरोभूर्विश्वा वेद जनिमा हन्ति शुष्णम् । प्र णो दिवः पदवीर्गव्युरर्चन्त्सखा सखीँरमुञ्चन्निरवद्यात् ॥
sataḥ-sataḥ pratimānam purobhūr viśvā veda janimā hanti śuṣṇam | pra ṇo divaḥ padavīr gavyur arcan sakhā sakhīm̐r amuñcan nir avadyāt ||
English translation:
“May he who is the type of all that is excellent the anticipator (of his foes), he who knows all that is born, who destroys Śuṣṇa, the far-seeing, the restorer of cattle may he, a friend coming from heaven, honouring us as his friends, be free from all reproach.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Far-seeing: padavīḥ, kavitama, most wise or far-seeing as to the past, from pada, on object, and viḥ, who knows; may he be free from all reproach: muñcanniravadyāt: always, nitarām, be free, muñcatu-- from such a fault as that of the nature of the death of Vṛtra: vṛtravadharūpād doṣāt; the paurāṇika notion is that Vṛtra was a brahman, and by killing him, Indra was guilty of the heinous sin of brahmahatyā
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gāthino viśvāmitraḥ, aiṣīrathīḥ kuśiko vā [gāthina viśvāmitra, aiṣīrathīḥ kuśika vā];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
स॒तःऽस॑तः । प्र॒ति॒ऽमान॑म् । पु॒रः॒ऽभूः । विश्वा॑ । वे॒द॒ । जनि॑म । हन्ति॑ । शुष्ण॑म् । प्र । नः॒ । दि॒वः । प॒द॒ऽवीः । ग॒व्युः । अर्च॑न् । सखा॑ । सखी॑न् । अ॒मु॒ञ्च॒त् । निः । अ॒व॒द्यात् ॥
सतःसतः । प्रतिमानम् । पुरःभूः । विश्वा । वेद । जनिम । हन्ति । शुष्णम् । प्र । नः । दिवः । पदवीः । गव्युः । अर्चन् । सखा । सखीन् । अमुञ्चत् । निः । अवद्यात् ॥
sataḥ-sataḥ | prati-mānam | puraḥ-bhūḥ | viśvā | veda | janima | hanti | śuṣṇam | pra | ṇaḥ | divaḥ | pada-vīḥ | gavyuḥ | arcan | sakhā | sakhīn | amuñcat | niḥ | avadyāt
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 3.31.8 English analysis of grammar]
[verb noun], genitive, singular
“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”
[verb noun], genitive, singular
“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“weight.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“know; diagnose; perceive; know; accord; notice; deem; mind; learn; specify; watch; recognize; detect; call.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“birth; offspring; origin; kind; being.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“kill; cure; māray; remove; destroy; hit; injure; damage; destroy; paralyze; hurt; forge; beat; cut off; stop; overwhelm; kick; hunt; affect; strike; hammer; love; obstruct; shoot.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Śuṣṇa.”
[adverb]
“towards; ahead.”
[noun], genitive, plural
“I; mine.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“sing; worship; honor; praise; welcome.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“friend; companion; sakhi [word].”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“friend; companion; sakhi [word].”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“liberate; emit; get rid of; shoot; release; put; tousle; secrete; fill into; shoot; spill; lose; ejaculate; exclude; free; remove; loosen; let go of; add; shed; want; save; defecate; heal; fart; open; abandon; discard; precipitate; reject; lay; unleash; exhale; discharge.”
[adverb]
“niḥ; away; out; without.”
[noun], ablative, singular, neuter
“shame; censure; blame.”