Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 3.30.10
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
अ॒ला॒तृ॒णो व॒ल इ॑न्द्र व्र॒जो गोः पु॒रा हन्तो॒र्भय॑मानो॒ व्या॑र । सु॒गान्प॒थो अ॑कृणोन्नि॒रज॒ा गाः प्राव॒न्वाणी॑: पुरुहू॒तं धम॑न्तीः ॥
अलातृणो वल इन्द्र व्रजो गोः पुरा हन्तोर्भयमानो व्यार । सुगान्पथो अकृणोन्निरजे गाः प्रावन्वाणीः पुरुहूतं धमन्तीः ॥
alātṛṇo vala indra vrajo goḥ purā hantor bhayamāno vy āra | sugān patho akṛṇon niraje gāḥ prāvan vāṇīḥ puruhūtaṃ dhamantīḥ ||
English translation:
“The heavy cloud, the receptacle of water, dreading you its destroyer, opened out before (you had cast your bolt); then Indra made easily-traversed paths for the waters to issue, and desirable and loud sounding they proceeded to the (waters of the earth) invoked of many.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Heavy cloud: alātṛṇo valaḥ = a cloud, that which by its abundance of water, is able to do mischief; cf. Nirukta 6.2; desirable and loud-sounding: prāvan puruhūtam, vāṇirdhamantīḥ = vananīyaḥ 'sabdāyamānās-tā āpaḥ puruhūtam bahubhirāhūtam pārthivam udakam abhyagacchan;
Dhamantīḥ = dhamatirgatikarmā (Nirukta 6.2)
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gopavana ātreyaḥ saptavadhrirvā [gopavana ātreya saptavadhrirvā];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
अ॒ला॒तृ॒णः । व॒लः । इ॒न्द्र॒ । व्र॒जः । गोः । पु॒रा । हन्तोः॑ । भय॑मानः । वि । आ॒र॒ । सु॒ऽगान् । प॒थः । अ॒कृ॒णो॒त् । निः॒ऽअजे॑ । गाः । प्र । आ॒व॒न् । वाणीः॑ । पु॒रु॒ऽहू॒तम् । धम॑न्तीः ॥
अलातृणः । वलः । इन्द्र । व्रजः । गोः । पुरा । हन्तोः । भयमानः । वि । आर । सुगान् । पथः । अकृणोत् । निःअजे । गाः । प्र । आवन् । वाणीः । पुरुहूतम् । धमन्तीः ॥
alātṛṇaḥ | valaḥ | indra | vrajaḥ | goḥ | purā | hantoḥ | bhayamānaḥ | vi | āra | su-gān | pathaḥ | akṛṇot | niḥ-aje | gāḥ | pra | āvan | vāṇīḥ | puru-hūtam | dhamantīḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 3.30.10 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Vala; vala; cave.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“cow pen; Vraja; battalion; Vraja; Vraja; vraja [word]; vraj; herd; flock; group.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”
[adverb]
“once; earlier; first; purā [indecl.].”
[noun], ablative, singular, masculine
“killing.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“fear; fear.”
[adverb]
“apart; away; away.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“enter (a state); travel; shoot; send; hit; originate; get; raise; begin; harm.”
[adverb]
“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“located; moving; flowing; passable; ga [word]; accordant.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“way; road; path [word]; journey; method.”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
[verb noun]
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”
[verb], plural, Imperfect
“help; promote.”
[noun], nominative, plural, feminine
“voice; Sarasvati; words; language.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Indra; Vishnu.”
[verb noun], nominative, plural
“heat; blow; fan; blow; ignite; blow; inflate.”