Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 3.17.3

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्रीण्यायूं॑षि॒ तव॑ जातवेदस्ति॒स्र आ॒जानी॑रु॒षस॑स्ते अग्ने । ताभि॑र्दे॒वाना॒मवो॑ यक्षि वि॒द्वानथा॑ भव॒ यज॑मानाय॒ शं योः ॥
त्रीण्यायूंषि तव जातवेदस्तिस्र आजानीरुषसस्ते अग्ने । ताभिर्देवानामवो यक्षि विद्वानथा भव यजमानाय शं योः ॥
trīṇy āyūṃṣi tava jātavedas tisra ājānīr uṣasas te agne | tābhir devānām avo yakṣi vidvān athā bhava yajamānāya śaṃ yoḥ ||

English translation:

“Three are your existences Jātavedas; three, Agni, are your parent dawns; with them offer the oblation of the gods, the knowing (his wishes) be the bestower of happiness on the instrumental tutor of the sacrifice.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Three existences: trīṇyāyuṃsi, three lives, as supported by butter, by fuel and the Soma; parent dawns: tisra agnīruṣasaḥ: ājānī may mean sisters, or mothers; the dawns person nified as the parents or sisters of Agni, as prior or subsequent to the lighting of the sacrificial fire in the early morning; 'three' may relate to three diurnal fires; as sisters, separate offices are assigned to them: prajām ekā rakṣaty ūrjam ekā, rāṣṭram ekā rakṣati, one preserves the people, one vigour, one the kingdom

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): kato vaiśvāmitraḥ [kata vaiśvāmitra];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛtpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्रीणि॑ । आयूं॑षि । तव॑ । जा॒त॒ऽवे॒दः॒ । ति॒स्रः । आ॒ऽजानीः॑ । उ॒षसः॑ । ते॒ । अ॒ग्ने॒ । ताभिः॑ । दे॒वाना॑म् । अवः॑ । य॒क्षि॒ । वि॒द्वान् । अथ॑ । भ॒व॒ । यज॑मानाय । शम् । योः ॥
त्रीणि । आयूंषि । तव । जातवेदः । तिस्रः । आजानीः । उषसः । ते । अग्ने । ताभिः । देवानाम् । अवः । यक्षि । विद्वान् । अथ । भव । यजमानाय । शम् । योः ॥
trīṇi | āyūṃṣi | tava | jāta-vedaḥ | tisraḥ | ājānīḥ | uṣasaḥ | te | agne | tābhiḥ | devānām | avaḥ | yakṣi | vidvān | atha | bhava | yajamānāya | śam | yoḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 3.17.3 English analysis of grammar]

trīṇy < trīṇi < tri

[noun], nominative, plural, neuter

“three; tri/tisṛ [word].”

āyūṃṣi < āyus

[noun], nominative, plural, neuter

“life; longevity; āyus; life; āyus [word]; Āyus.”

tava < tvad

[noun], genitive, singular

“you.”

jātavedas < jātavedaḥ < jātavedas

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“Agni; fire.”

tisra < tisraḥ < tri

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“three; tri/tisṛ [word].”

ājānīr < ājānīḥ < ājāni

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

uṣasas < uṣasaḥ < uṣas

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“Ushas; dawn; uṣas [word]; morning.”

te < tvad

[noun], genitive, singular

“you.”

agne < agni

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

tābhir < tābhiḥ < tad

[noun], instrumental, plural, feminine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

devānām < deva

[noun], genitive, plural, masculine

“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

avo < avaḥ < avas

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“aid; favor; protection.”

yakṣi < yaj

[verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)

“sacrifice; worship; worship.”

vidvān < vid

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“know; diagnose; perceive; know; accord; notice; deem; mind; learn; specify; watch; recognize; detect; call.”

athā < atha

[adverb]

“now; then; furthermore; now; then.”

bhava < bhū

[verb], singular, Present imperative

“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”

yajamānāya < yaj

[verb noun], dative, singular

“sacrifice; worship; worship.”

śaṃ < śam

[adverb]

“śam [word].”

yoḥ < yos

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“fortune.”

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