Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 3.16.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒यम॒ग्निः सु॒वीर्य॒स्येशे॑ म॒हः सौभ॑गस्य । रा॒य ई॑शे स्वप॒त्यस्य॒ गोम॑त॒ ईशे॑ वृत्र॒हथा॑नाम् ॥
अयमग्निः सुवीर्यस्येशे महः सौभगस्य । राय ईशे स्वपत्यस्य गोमत ईशे वृत्रहथानाम् ॥
ayam agniḥ suvīryasyeśe mahaḥ saubhagasya | rāya īśe svapatyasya gomata īśe vṛtrahathānām ||

English translation:

“This Agni, is the lord of heroism and of great good fortune; he is the lord of wealth comprising progeny and cattle; he is the lord of the slayers of Vṛtra;”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Vṛtrahathānām īśe: vṛtra may imply an enemy, or iniquity; tvayi samarpita karmāṇām asmākam tvat prasādāt pāpakṣayo bhavati, through your favour is the destruction of the sins of us whose good works have been delivered to you

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): utkīlaḥ kātyaḥ [utkīla kātya];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): bhuriganuṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒यम् । अ॒ग्निः । सु॒ऽवीर्य॑स्य । ईशे॑ । म॒हः । सौभ॑गस्य । रा॒यः । ई॒शे॒ । सु॒ऽअ॒अप॒त्यस्य॑ । गोऽम॑तः । ईशे॑ । वृ॒त्र॒ऽहथा॑नाम् ॥
अयम् । अग्निः । सुवीर्यस्य । ईशे । महः । सौभगस्य । रायः । ईशे । सुअअपत्यस्य । गोमतः । ईशे । वृत्रहथानाम् ॥
ayam | agniḥ | su-vīryasya | īśe | mahaḥ | saubhagasya | rāyaḥ | īśe | su-aapatyasya | go--mataḥ | īśe | vṛtra-hathānām

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 3.16.1 English analysis of grammar]

ayam < idam

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

agniḥ < agni

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

suvīryasyeśe < su

[adverb]

“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

suvīryasyeśe < vīryasya < vīrya

[noun], genitive, singular, neuter

“potency; vīrya; heroism; potency; strength; semen; power; deed; active agent; efficacy; vīryapāramitā; gold; vigor; vīrya [word]; virility; manfulness; jewel; force.”

suvīryasyeśe < īśe < īś

[verb], singular, Perfect indicative

“govern; command; master; dominate; can; reign; control; own.”

mahaḥ < mah

[noun], genitive, singular, neuter

“great; great; distinguished; much(a); adult; long; high.”

saubhagasya < saubhaga

[noun], genitive, singular, neuter

“well-being.”

rāya < rāyaḥ < rai

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“wealth; possession; rai [word]; gold.”

īśe < īś

[verb], singular, Perfect indicative

“govern; command; master; dominate; can; reign; control; own.”

svapatyasya < su

[adverb]

“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

svapatyasya < apatyasya < apatya

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“child; offspring; patronymic; descendant.”

gomata < gomataḥ < gomat

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“rich in cattle; bovine.”

īśe < īś

[verb], singular, Perfect indicative

“govern; command; master; dominate; can; reign; control; own.”

vṛtrahathānām < vṛtra

[noun], masculine

“Vṛtra; vṛtra [word].”

vṛtrahathānām < hathānām < hatha

[noun], genitive, plural, masculine

“blow.”

Like what you read? Consider supporting this website: