Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 3.11.5

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अदा॑भ्यः पुरए॒ता वि॒शाम॒ग्निर्मानु॑षीणाम् । तूर्णी॒ रथ॒: सदा॒ नव॑: ॥
अदाभ्यः पुरएता विशामग्निर्मानुषीणाम् । तूर्णी रथः सदा नवः ॥
adābhyaḥ puraetā viśām agnir mānuṣīṇām | tūrṇī rathaḥ sadā navaḥ ||

English translation:

Agni, the preceder of human beings, (ever) alert, the vehicle of their offerings, is ever new, is unsusceptible of harm.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Viśam mānuṣīṇām = men the descendants of Manu, manor jātānām

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gāthino viśvāmitraḥ [gāthina viśvāmitra];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛdgāyatrī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अदा॑भ्यः । पु॒रः॒ऽए॒ता । वि॒शाम् । अ॒ग्निः । मानु॑षीणाम् । तूर्णिः॑ । रथः॑ । सदा॑ । नवः॑ ॥
अदाभ्यः । पुरःएता । विशाम् । अग्निः । मानुषीणाम् । तूर्णिः । रथः । सदा । नवः ॥
adābhyaḥ | puraḥ-etā | viśām | agniḥ | mānuṣīṇām | tūrṇiḥ | rathaḥ | sadā | navaḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 3.11.5 English analysis of grammar]

adābhyaḥ < adābhya

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“trustworthy; disabused(p).”

puraetā < puraetṛ

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“guide; leader; harbinger.”

viśām < viś

[noun], genitive, plural, feminine

“people; tribe; Vaisya; national; viś; real property; Vaisya.”

agnir < agniḥ < agni

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

mānuṣīṇām < mānuṣa

[noun], genitive, plural, feminine

“human.”

tūrṇī < tūrṇiḥ < tūrṇi

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“agile.”

rathaḥ < ratha

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

sadā

[adverb]

“always; continually; always; perpetually.”

navaḥ < nava

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“new; fresh; young; matutinal; recent; nava [word]; modern; fresh.”

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