Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 3.1.20
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
ए॒ता ते॑ अग्ने॒ जनि॑मा॒ सना॑नि॒ प्र पू॒र्व्याय॒ नूत॑नानि वोचम् । म॒हान्ति॒ वृष्णे॒ सव॑ना कृ॒तेमा जन्म॑ञ्जन्म॒न्निहि॑तो जा॒तवे॑दाः ॥
एता ते अग्ने जनिमा सनानि प्र पूर्व्याय नूतनानि वोचम् । महान्ति वृष्णे सवना कृतेमा जन्मञ्जन्मन्निहितो जातवेदाः ॥
etā te agne janimā sanāni pra pūrvyāya nūtanāni vocam | mahānti vṛṣṇe savanā kṛtemā janmañ-janman nihito jātavedāḥ ||
English translation:
“I address to you, Agni, who are of old, these eternal as well as recent adorations; these solemn sacrifices are offered to the showerer of benefits, who in every birth is established (among men), cognizant of all that exists.”
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gāthino viśvāmitraḥ [gāthina viśvāmitra];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
ए॒ता । ते॒ । अ॒ग्ने॒ । जनि॑म । सना॑नि । प्र । पू॒र्व्याय॑ । नूत॑नानि । वो॒च॒म् । म॒हान्ति॑ । वृष्णे॑ । सव॑ना । कृ॒ता । इ॒मा । जन्म॑न्ऽजन्मन् । निऽहि॑तः । जा॒तऽवे॑दाः ॥
एता । ते । अग्ने । जनिम । सनानि । प्र । पूर्व्याय । नूतनानि । वोचम् । महान्ति । वृष्णे । सवना । कृता । इमा । जन्मन्जन्मन् । निहितः । जातवेदाः ॥
etā | te | agne | janima | sanāni | pra | pūrvyāya | nūtanāni | vocam | mahānti | vṛṣṇe | savanā | kṛtā | imā | janman-janman | ni-hitaḥ | jāta-vedāḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 3.1.20 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); etad [word].”
[noun], genitive, singular
“you.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“birth; offspring; origin; kind; being.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“age-old; ancient.”
[adverb]
“towards; ahead.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“first; precedent; age-old; excellent; former(a).”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“new; fresh; recent; contemporary; present(a); first.”
[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
“say; describe; name; tell; address; enumerate; call; state; teach; explain; say; declare; speak; define; declare; order; address; recommend; answer; deem; recite; approve; proclaim; indicate; determine; mention; designate.”
[noun], nominative, plural, neuter
“large; eminent; great; loud; dangerous; strong; long; high; much(a); mahant [word]; ample; very; great; adult; important; dark; high; abundant; violent; remarkable; mighty; big; long.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”
[noun], nominative, plural, neuter
“yajña; savana [word]; Snāna; Soma sacrifice; press.”
[verb noun], nominative, plural
“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
[noun], nominative, plural, neuter
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[noun], locative, singular, neuter
“birth; reincarnation; lineage; origin; race; metempsychosis; parentage; descent; appearance; age; birthplace; beginning; being.”
[noun], locative, singular, neuter
“birth; reincarnation; lineage; origin; race; metempsychosis; parentage; descent; appearance; age; birthplace; beginning; being.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“put; fill into; stow; insert; ignite; insert; add; put on; establish; keep down.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Agni; fire.”