Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 3.1.9
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
पि॒तुश्चि॒दूध॑र्ज॒नुषा॑ विवेद॒ व्य॑स्य॒ धारा॑ असृज॒द्वि धेना॑: । गुहा॒ चर॑न्तं॒ सखि॑भिः शि॒वेभि॑र्दि॒वो य॒ह्वीभि॒र्न गुहा॑ बभूव ॥
पितुश्चिदूधर्जनुषा विवेद व्यस्य धारा असृजद्वि धेनाः । गुहा चरन्तं सखिभिः शिवेभिर्दिवो यह्वीभिर्न गुहा बभूव ॥
pituś cid ūdhar januṣā viveda vy asya dhārā asṛjad vi dhenāḥ | guhā carantaṃ sakhibhiḥ śivebhir divo yahvībhir na guhā babhūva ||
English translation:
“At his birth he knew the udder of his parent and let forth its torrents, and its speech (of thunder); there was no one to detect him, lurking in the deep, with his auspicious associates, (the winds), and the many (waters) of the firmament.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Knew the udder of his parent: piturūdhan viveda: the parent here is the firmament, and the udder the clouds, or the accusative ulated stores of rain
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gāthino viśvāmitraḥ [gāthina viśvāmitra];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
पि॒तुः । चि॒त् । ऊधः॑ । ज॒नुषा॑ । वि॒वे॒द॒ । वि । अ॒स्य॒ । धाराः॑ । अ॒सृ॒ज॒त् । वि । धेनाः॑ । गुहा॑ । चर॑न्तम् । सखि॑ऽभिः । शि॒वेभिः॑ । दि॒वः । य॒ह्वीभिः॑ । न । गुहा॑ । ब॒भू॒व॒ ॥
पितुः । चित् । ऊधः । जनुषा । विवेद । वि । अस्य । धाराः । असृजत् । वि । धेनाः । गुहा । चरन्तम् । सखिभिः । शिवेभिः । दिवः । यह्वीभिः । न । गुहा । बभूव ॥
pituḥ | cit | ūdhaḥ | januṣā | viveda | vi | asya | dhārāḥ | asṛjat | vi | dhenāḥ | guhā | carantam | sakhi-bhiḥ | śivebhiḥ | divaḥ | yahvībhiḥ | na | guhā | babhūva
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 3.1.9 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“father; Pitṛ; ancestor; parent; paternal ancestor; pitṛ [word]; forefather.”
[adverb]
“even; indeed.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“udder; ūdhas [word]; night.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
“birth.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“find; detect; marry; get; think.”
[adverb]
“apart; away; away.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“flush; flow; current; spring; fountain.”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“create; shoot; discharge; free; cause; throw; emit; send; produce; use; be born; make.”
[adverb]
“apart; away; away.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“river; lip; voice.”
[adverb]
“secretly.”
[verb noun], accusative, singular
“car; wander; perform; travel; bore; produce; make; dwell; dig; act; observe; enter (a state); observe; cause; crop; behave; practice; heed; process; administer.”
[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
“friend; companion; sakhi [word].”
[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
“auspicious; benevolent; benign; good-hearted; dear; śiva [word]; holy; nice.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”
[noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
“river.”
[adverb]
“not; like; no; na [word].”
[adverb]
“secretly.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”