Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 2.43.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

प्र॒द॒क्षि॒णिद॒भि गृ॑णन्ति का॒रवो॒ वयो॒ वद॑न्त ऋतु॒था श॒कुन्त॑यः । उ॒भे वाचौ॑ वदति साम॒गा इ॑व गाय॒त्रं च॒ त्रैष्टु॑भं॒ चानु॑ राजति ॥
प्रदक्षिणिदभि गृणन्ति कारवो वयो वदन्त ऋतुथा शकुन्तयः । उभे वाचौ वदति सामगा इव गायत्रं च त्रैष्टुभं चानु राजति ॥
pradakṣiṇid abhi gṛṇanti kāravo vayo vadanta ṛtuthā śakuntayaḥ | ubhe vācau vadati sāmagā iva gāyatraṃ ca traiṣṭubhaṃ cānu rājati ||

English translation:

“Let the birds in quest of their food, according to the season, proclaim their circumambulations like the celebrators (of sacred rites); he utters both notes, as the chanter of the sāma recites the gayatrī and tṛṣṭubh, and delights (the hearers).”

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gṛtsamadaḥ śaunakaḥ [gṛtsamada śaunaka];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): kapiñjalaivendraḥ ;
Chandas (meter): jagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

प्र॒ऽद॒क्षि॒णित् । अ॒भि । गृ॒ण॒न्ति॒ । का॒रवः॑ । वयः॑ । वद॑न्तः । ऋ॒तु॒ऽथा । श॒कुन्त॑यः । उ॒भे इति॑ । वाचौ॑ । व॒द॒ति॒ । सा॒म॒ऽगाःऽइ॑व । गा॒य॒त्रम् । च॒ । त्रैस्तु॑भम् । च॒ । अनु॑ । रा॒ज॒ति॒ ॥
प्रदक्षिणित् । अभि । गृणन्ति । कारवः । वयः । वदन्तः । ऋतुथा । शकुन्तयः । उभे इति । वाचौ । वदति । सामगाःइव । गायत्रम् । च । त्रैस्तुभम् । च । अनु । राजति ॥
pra-dakṣiṇit | abhi | gṛṇanti | kāravaḥ | vayaḥ | vadantaḥ | ṛtu-thā | śakuntayaḥ | ubhe iti | vācau | vadati | sāma-gāḥ-iva | gāyatram | ca | traistubham | ca | anu | rājati

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 2.43.1 English analysis of grammar]

pradakṣiṇid < pradakṣiṇit

[adverb]

abhi

[adverb]

“towards; on.”

gṛṇanti < gṛ

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“praise.”

kāravo < kāravaḥ < kāru

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“poet; singer.”

vayo < vayaḥ < vi

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“vi; bird; vi.”

vadanta < vadante < vad

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“describe; teach; speak; tell; say; call; name; enumerate; declare; diagnose; address; say; pronounce; express; instruct; order.”

ṛtuthā

[adverb]

“seasonably.”

śakuntayaḥ < śakunti

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“bird.”

ubhe < ubh

[noun], accusative, dual, feminine

“both(a).”

vācau < vāc

[noun], accusative, dual, feminine

“speech; statement; voice; voice; speech; language; vāc [word]; word; literary composition; conversation; sound; Sarasvati; cry; assurance; spell.”

vadati < vad

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“describe; teach; speak; tell; say; call; name; enumerate; declare; diagnose; address; say; pronounce; express; instruct; order.”

sāmagā < sāma < sāman

[noun], neuter

“Sāman; Sama-Veda; song; sāman [word]; hymn.”

sāmagā < gāḥ <

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

iva

[adverb]

“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

gāyatraṃ < gāyatram < gāyatra

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“Gāyatrī; Gāyatra.”

ca

[adverb]

“and; besides; then; now; even.”

traiṣṭubhaṃ < traiṣṭubham < traiṣṭubha

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“Triṣṭubh.”

cānu < ca

[adverb]

“and; besides; then; now; even.”

cānu < anu

[adverb]

“subsequently; behind; along; towards; because.”

rājati < rāj

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“govern; shine; glitter; direct.”

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