Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 2.41.19

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

प्रेतां॑ य॒ज्ञस्य॑ श॒म्भुवा॑ यु॒वामिदा वृ॑णीमहे । अ॒ग्निं च॑ हव्य॒वाह॑नम् ॥
प्रेतां यज्ञस्य शम्भुवा युवामिदा वृणीमहे । अग्निं च हव्यवाहनम् ॥
pretāṃ yajñasya śambhuvā yuvām id ā vṛṇīmahe | agniṃ ca havyavāhanam ||

English translation:

“May the two, (Heaven and Earth), who confer good fortune upon the sacrifice, proceed (to the altar); for verily, we implore you both (to com), as well as Agni the bearer of oblations.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

May the two: The objects addressed are the two śakaṭas, carts or barrows, which are employed to bring the fuel, or the Soma and are plural ced in front of the hall of sacrifice, north and south of an altar erected outside, and which are considered here as types of Heaven and Earth, who, properly speaking, are the deities of the Tṛca;  the śakaṭas are requested, according to Sāyaṇa, to proceed to the west part of the northern vedī, or altar-- uttaravedeḥ paścimabhāgam prāgacchatām; according to Kātyāyana, these are also termed havirdhānas, oblation-containers, and part of the ceremony consists in dragging them into different positions at different periods, accompanied by appropriate texts, which are given in the Yajurveda 5.14-21

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gṛtsamadaḥ śaunakaḥ [gṛtsamada śaunaka];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): dyāvāpṛthivyau havirdhāne vā ;
Chandas (meter): gāyatrī;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

प्र । इ॒ता॒म् । य॒ज्ञस्य॑ । श॒म्ऽभुवा॑ । यु॒वाम् । इत् । आ । वृ॒णी॒म॒हे॒ । अ॒ग्निम् । च॒ । ह॒व्य॒ऽवाह॑नम् ॥
प्र । इताम् । यज्ञस्य । शम्भुवा । युवाम् । इत् । आ । वृणीमहे । अग्निम् । च । हव्यवाहनम् ॥
pra | itām | yajñasya | śam-bhuvā | yuvām | it | ā | vṛṇīmahe | agnim | ca | havya-vāhanam

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 2.41.19 English analysis of grammar]

pretāṃ < pretām < pre < √i

[verb], dual, Present imperative

“die; proceed; advance; continue; begin; depart.”

yajñasya < yajña

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”

śambhuvā < śambhu

[noun], nominative, dual, masculine

“kind; benevolent.”

yuvām < tvad

[noun], accusative, dual

“you.”

id

[adverb]

“indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

ā

[adverb]

“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

vṛṇīmahe < vṛ

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“choose; ask.”

agniṃ < agnim < agni

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

ca

[adverb]

“and; besides; then; now; even.”

havyavāhanam < havyavāhana

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“Agni; fire.”

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