Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 2.39.1
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
ग्रावा॑णेव॒ तदिदर्थं॑ जरेथे॒ गृध्रे॑व वृ॒क्षं नि॑धि॒मन्त॒मच्छ॑ । ब्र॒ह्माणे॑व वि॒दथ॑ उक्थ॒शासा॑ दू॒तेव॒ हव्या॒ जन्या॑ पुरु॒त्रा ॥
ग्रावाणेव तदिदर्थं जरेथे गृध्रेव वृक्षं निधिमन्तमच्छ । ब्रह्माणेव विदथ उक्थशासा दूतेव हव्या जन्या पुरुत्रा ॥
grāvāṇeva tad id arthaṃ jarethe gṛdhreva vṛkṣaṃ nidhimantam accha | brahmāṇeva vidatha ukthaśāsā dūteva havyā janyā purutrā ||
English translation:
“Descend, Aśvins, like falling stones, for the purpose (of destroying our foes); hasten to the presence of the wealth-possessing (worshippers), like vultures to a tree; like two Brāhmaṇas repeating hymns, (be present) at the sacrifice, and come like (royal) messengers in the land, welcomed by many people.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Like two Brāhmaṇas: brahmāṇa iva = brāhmaṇau; this seems to imply a priestly order
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gṛtsamadaḥ śaunakaḥ [gṛtsamada śaunaka];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): aśvinau ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
ग्रावा॑णाऽइव । तत् । इत् । अर्थ॑म् । ज॒रे॒थे॒ इति॑ । गृध्रा॑ऽइव । वृ॒क्षम् । नि॒धि॒ऽमन्त॑म् । अच्छ॑ । ब्र॒ह्माणा॑ऽइव । वि॒दथे॑ । उ॒क्थ॒ऽशसा॑ । दू॒ताऽइ॑व । हव्या॑ । जन्या॑ । पु॒रु॒ऽत्रा ॥
ग्रावाणाइव । तत् । इत् । अर्थम् । जरेथे इति । गृध्राइव । वृक्षम् । निधिमन्तम् । अच्छ । ब्रह्माणाइव । विदथे । उक्थशसा । दूताइव । हव्या । जन्या । पुरुत्रा ॥
grāvāṇāiva | tat | it | artham | jaretheiti | gṛdhrāiva | vṛkṣam | nidhi-mantam | accha | brahmāṇāiva | vidathe | uktha-śasā | dūtāiva | havyā | janyā | puru-trā
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 2.39.1 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, dual, masculine
“stone; millstone; grindstone; mountain.”
[adverb]
“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[adverb]
“indeed; assuredly; entirely.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“for; meaning; purpose; sense; wealth; object of sense; matter; aim; money; message; object; artha [word]; wealth; function; content; topic; property; situation; reason; affair; concern; reason; enterprise; reason; cause; five; application; application.”
[verb], dual, Present indikative
“jṛ; digest; age; cook; boil down; decay; decay; ripen.”
[noun], nominative, dual, masculine
“vulture.”
[adverb]
“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“tree; fruit tree.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
[adverb]
“towards; accha [prefix].”
[noun], nominative, dual, masculine
“Brahma; Brahmin; dhak; Brahman; brahman [word]; Brahman; Brahmin; Brahmapurāṇa; Vishnu; Brihaspati.”
[adverb]
“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”
[noun], locative, singular, neuter
“meeting; wisdom; council.”
[noun], neuter
“hymn; praise; uktha [word]; encomium.”
[noun], nominative, dual, masculine
“śās; command; ruler; commander.”
[noun], nominative, dual, masculine
“messenger; emissary; dūta [word].”
[adverb]
“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”
[verb noun], nominative, dual
“sacrifice; offer; pour; worship.”
[noun], nominative, dual, masculine
[adverb]
“distributively.”