Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 2.38.10

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

भगं॒ धियं॑ वा॒जय॑न्त॒: पुरं॑धिं॒ नरा॒शंसो॒ ग्नास्पति॑र्नो अव्याः । आ॒ये वा॒मस्य॑ संग॒थे र॑यी॒णां प्रि॒या दे॒वस्य॑ सवि॒तुः स्या॑म ॥
भगं धियं वाजयन्तः पुरंधिं नराशंसो ग्नास्पतिर्नो अव्याः । आये वामस्य संगथे रयीणां प्रिया देवस्य सवितुः स्याम ॥
bhagaṃ dhiyaṃ vājayantaḥ puraṃdhiṃ narāśaṃso gnāspatir no avyāḥ | āye vāmasya saṃgathe rayīṇām priyā devasya savituḥ syāma ||

English translation:

“May he, who is adored by men, the protector of the wives (of the gods), preserve us; when worshipping his, who is auspicious, the object of meditation, and the all wise; may we be the beloved of the divine Savitā, that we may (thence be successful) in the accusative ulation of wealth and the acquisition of cattle.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The protector of the wives of the gods: gnāspati, devatnīnām patīn; or, gnaḥ = the metres of the Vedas (RV. 5.46.8)

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gṛtsamadaḥ śaunakaḥ [gṛtsamada śaunaka];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): savitā ;
Chandas (meter): virāṭtrisṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

भग॑म् । धिय॑म् । वा॒जय॑न्तः । पुर॑म्ऽधिम् । नरा॒शंसः॑ । ग्नाःपतिः॑ । नः॒ । अ॒व्याः॒ । आ॒ऽअ॒ये । वा॒मस्य॑ । स॒म्ऽग॒थे । र॒यी॒णाम् । प्रि॒याः । दे॒वस्य॑ । स॒वि॒तुः । स्या॒म॒ ॥
भगम् । धियम् । वाजयन्तः । पुरम्धिम् । नराशंसः । ग्नाःपतिः । नः । अव्याः । आअये । वामस्य । सम्गथे । रयीणाम् । प्रियाः । देवस्य । सवितुः । स्याम ॥
bhagam | dhiyam | vājayantaḥ | puram-dhim | narāśaṃsaḥ | gnāḥpatiḥ | naḥ | avyāḥ | āaye | vāmasya | sam-gathe | rayīṇām | priyāḥ | devasya | savituḥ | syāma

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 2.38.10 English analysis of grammar]

bhagaṃ < bhagam < bhaga

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“Bhaga; vulva; good fortune; vagina; bhaga [word]; sun; well-being; happiness; overlord.”

dhiyaṃ < dhiyam < dhī

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

“intelligence; prayer; mind; insight; idea; hymn; purpose; art; knowledge.”

vājayantaḥ < vājay < √vaj

[verb noun], nominative, plural

“incite.”

purandhiṃ < purandhim < puraṃdhi

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

“liberality; Puraṃdhi; munificence.”

narāśaṃso < narāśaṃsaḥ < narāśaṃsa

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Agni.”

gnāspatir < gnāspatiḥ < gnāspati

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

no < naḥ < mad

[noun], accusative, plural

“I; mine.”

avyāḥ < av

[verb], singular, Aorist optative

“support; help; prefer; prefer; like.”

āye < āya

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“income; āya; tax income; rent; dice.”

vāmasya < vāma

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“agreeable; vāma [word]; beautiful.”

saṃgathe < saṃgatha

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

rayīṇām < rayi

[noun], genitive, plural, masculine

“wealth; property.”

priyā < priyāḥ < priya

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“beloved; pleasant; dear; fond(p); wanted; priya [word]; favorite; good; liked; suitable; proper.”

devasya < deva

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

savituḥ < savitṛ

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“Savitar; sun; Surya; Savitṛ.”

syāma < as

[verb], plural, Present optative

“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

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