Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 2.38.1
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
उदु॒ ष्य दे॒वः स॑वि॒ता स॒वाय॑ शश्वत्त॒मं तद॑पा॒ वह्नि॑रस्थात् । नू॒नं दे॒वेभ्यो॒ वि हि धाति॒ रत्न॒मथाभ॑जद्वी॒तिहो॑त्रं स्व॒स्तौ ॥
उदु ष्य देवः सविता सवाय शश्वत्तमं तदपा वह्निरस्थात् । नूनं देवेभ्यो वि हि धाति रत्नमथाभजद्वीतिहोत्रं स्वस्तौ ॥
ud u ṣya devaḥ savitā savāya śaśvattamaṃ tadapā vahnir asthāt | nūnaṃ devebhyo vi hi dhāti ratnam athābhajad vītihotraṃ svastau ||
English translation:
“In truth, the divine Savitā, the bearer (of the world), has perpetually been present for the genitive ration (of mankind), for such is his office; verily he grants wealth to the pious (worshippers); may he, therefore, bestow upon the offerer of the oblation (sufficient) for his well-being.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
For such is his office: savitā = from root su, to bring forth, prasavāya lokānām; for such is his work--- tadapā, tat prasava karmā; to the pious worshippers: devebhyaḥ, to the gods; here interpreted as, stotrbhyaḥ, to the praisers
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gṛtsamadaḥ śaunakaḥ [gṛtsamada śaunaka];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): savitā ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
उत् । ऊँ॒ इति॑ । स्यः । दे॒वः । स॒वि॒ता । स॒वाय॑ । श॒श्व॒त्ऽत॒मम् । तत्ऽअ॑पाः । वह्निः॑ । अ॒स्था॒त् । नू॒नम् । दे॒वेभ्यः॑ । वि । हि । धाति॑ । रत्न॑म् । अथ॑ । अ॒भ॒ज॒त् । वी॒तिऽहो॑त्रम् । स्व॒स्तौ ॥
उत् । ऊँ इति । स्यः । देवः । सविता । सवाय । शश्वत्तमम् । तत्अपाः । वह्निः । अस्थात् । नूनम् । देवेभ्यः । वि । हि । धाति । रत्नम् । अथ । अभजत् । वीतिहोत्रम् । स्वस्तौ ॥
ut | oṃ iti | syaḥ | devaḥ | savitā | savāya | śaśvat-tamam | tat-apāḥ | vahniḥ | asthāt | nūnam | devebhyaḥ | vi | hi | dhāti | ratnam | atha | abhajat | vīti-hotram | svastau
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 2.38.1 English analysis of grammar]
[adverb]
“up.”
[adverb]
“ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“that.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Savitar; sun; Surya; Savitṛ.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“yajña; command; impulse; direction; momentum.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“frequent.”
[noun]
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“work; deed.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“fire; digestion; Plumbago zeylanica; Agni; vahni; draft horse; three; sacrificial fire; Vahni; gold; southeast; citron; charioteer; leader.”
[verb], singular, Root aorist (Ind.)
“stay; stand; situate; exist; [in]; resist; endure; put; soak; be; stop; adhere; get stale; concentrate; grow; trust; wake; consociate; last; dwell; lie; stand; stop.”
[adverb]
“now; surely; immediately; just.”
[noun], dative, plural, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[adverb]
“apart; away; away.”
[adverb]
“because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”
[verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
“put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“jewel; wealth; best; treasure; vajra; property; jewel; ruby; jewelry.”
[adverb]
“now; then; furthermore; now; then.”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“eat; enjoy; enter (a state); worship; love; flee; possess; fall to one's share; partake; share; get; approach; love; use.”
[noun], feminine
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“yajña; sacrifice.”
[noun], locative, singular, feminine
“prosperity; well-being; fortune; benediction; svasti [word]; well; luck.”