Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 2.36.1
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
तुभ्यं॑ हिन्वा॒नो व॑सिष्ट॒ गा अ॒पोऽधु॑क्षन्त्सी॒मवि॑भि॒रद्रि॑भि॒र्नर॑: । पिबे॑न्द्र॒ स्वाहा॒ प्रहु॑तं॒ वष॑ट्कृतं हो॒त्रादा सोमं॑ प्रथ॒मो य ईशि॑षे ॥
तुभ्यं हिन्वानो वसिष्ट गा अपोऽधुक्षन्त्सीमविभिरद्रिभिर्नरः । पिबेन्द्र स्वाहा प्रहुतं वषट्कृतं होत्रादा सोमं प्रथमो य ईशिषे ॥
tubhyaṃ hinvāno vasiṣṭa gā apo 'dhukṣan sīm avibhir adribhir naraḥ | pibendra svāhā prahutaṃ vaṣaṭkṛtaṃ hotrād ā somam prathamo ya īśiṣe ||
English translation:
“(The libation) that is being presented, Indra, to you, comprises the (products of the) cow, and he (consecrated) water; and the leaders (of the rite) have expressed it with stones, and strained it through woollen (filters); do you, Indra, who are the first (of the gods), and rule (over the world), drink the Soma offered by the Hotā, and sanctified by the exclamations svāhā and vaṣat.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Through woollen filters: the text has avibhiḥ, with sheep; explained as aver bālamayair daśāpavitraiḥ, with purifying filters made of the hair of the sheep; drink the soma offered by the Hotā: piba hotrādā somam: in this and the following hymn, hotrā (and the analogous potrā, agnīdhra) are explained, the yāga, or sacrifice of the Hotā, and the rest, those portions of the ceremony which are assigned to the different officiating priests, or the oblations which each is in turn to present
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gṛtsamadaḥ śaunakaḥ [gṛtsamada śaunaka];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indro madhuśca ;
Chandas (meter): svarāṭtriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
तुभ्य॑म् । हि॒न्वा॒नः । व॒सि॒ष्ट॒ । गाः । अ॒पः । अधु॑क्षन् । सी॒म् । अवि॑ऽभिः । अद्रि॑ऽभिः । नरः॑ । पिब॑ । इ॒न्द्र॒ । स्वाहा॑ । प्रऽहु॑तम् । वष॑ट्ऽकृतम् । हो॒त्रात् । आ । सोम॑म् । प्र॒थ॒मः । यः । ईशि॑षे ॥
तुभ्यम् । हिन्वानः । वसिष्ट । गाः । अपः । अधुक्षन् । सीम् । अविभिः । अद्रिभिः । नरः । पिब । इन्द्र । स्वाहा । प्रहुतम् । वषट्कृतम् । होत्रात् । आ । सोमम् । प्रथमः । यः । ईशिषे ॥
tubhyam | hinvānaḥ | vasiṣṭa | gāḥ | apaḥ | adhukṣan | sīm | avi-bhiḥ | adri-bhiḥ | naraḥ | piba | indra | svāhā | pra-hutam | vaṣaṭ-kṛtam | hotrāt | ā | somam | prathamaḥ | yaḥ | īśiṣe
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 2.36.1 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], dative, singular
“you.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“impel; send; spur; stimulate; urge.”
[verb], singular, Athematic is aor. (Ind.)
“wear.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”
[verb], plural, sa aorist (Ind.)
“milk.”
[adverb]
[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
“sheep; avi [word]; menstruating woman; ewe.”
[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
“mountain; rock; seven; stone; adri; grindstone; adri; rock.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”
[verb], singular, Present imperative
“drink; gulp; soak; drink; suck; inhale.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[adverb]
“hail.”
[verb noun], accusative, singular
[verb noun], accusative, singular
[noun], ablative, singular, neuter
“yajña; sacrifice.”
[adverb]
“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“first; prathama [word]; third; young; chief(a); best; antecedent.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“govern; command; master; dominate; can; reign; control; own.”