Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 2.35.12

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒स्मै ब॑हू॒नाम॑व॒माय॒ सख्ये॑ य॒ज्ञैर्वि॑धेम॒ नम॑सा ह॒विर्भि॑: । सं सानु॒ मार्ज्मि॒ दिधि॑षामि॒ बिल्मै॒र्दधा॒म्यन्नै॒: परि॑ वन्द ऋ॒ग्भिः ॥
अस्मै बहूनामवमाय सख्ये यज्ञैर्विधेम नमसा हविर्भिः । सं सानु मार्ज्मि दिधिषामि बिल्मैर्दधाम्यन्नैः परि वन्द ऋग्भिः ॥
asmai bahūnām avamāya sakhye yajñair vidhema namasā havirbhiḥ | saṃ sānu mārjmi didhiṣāmi bilmair dadhāmy annaiḥ pari vanda ṛgbhiḥ ||

English translation:

“To him our friend, the first of many (deities), we offer worship with sacrifices, oblations, and prostration; I decorate the high plural ce (of his presence); I nourish him with fuel; I sustain him with (sacrificial) viands; I glorify him with hymns.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The first of many: bahūnām avamāya, the best of many, i.e. of the gods, as in the Aitareya Brāhmaṇa: agnir vai devānām avamaḥ, i.e. devānām, madhye prathamaḥ, the first amongst the gods

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gṛtsamadaḥ śaunakaḥ [gṛtsamada śaunaka];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): apānnapāt;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒स्मै । ब॒हू॒नाम् । अ॒व॒माय॑ । सख्ये॑ । य॒ज्ञैः । वि॒धे॒म॒ । नम॑सा । ह॒विःऽभिः॑ । सम् । सानु॑ । मार्ज्मि॑ । दिधि॑षामि । बिल्मैः॑ । दधा॑मि । अन्नैः॑ । परि॑ । व॒न्दे॒ । ऋ॒क्ऽभिः ॥
अस्मै । बहूनाम् । अवमाय । सख्ये । यज्ञैः । विधेम । नमसा । हविःभिः । सम् । सानु । मार्ज्मि । दिधिषामि । बिल्मैः । दधामि । अन्नैः । परि । वन्दे । ऋक्भिः ॥
asmai | bahūnām | avamāya | sakhye | yajñaiḥ | vidhema | namasā | haviḥ-bhiḥ | sam | sānu | mārjmi | didhiṣāmi | bilmaiḥ | dadhāmi | annaiḥ | pari | vande | ṛk-bhiḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 2.35.12 English analysis of grammar]

asmai < idam

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

bahūnām < bahu

[noun], genitive, plural, masculine

“many; much(a); bahu [word]; abundant; long; large; abounding in(p); perennial.”

avamāya < avama

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“avama [word]; bottom; last.”

sakhye < sakhi

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“friend; companion; sakhi [word].”

yajñair < yajñaiḥ < yajña

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”

vidhema < vidh

[verb], plural, Present optative

“worship; offer.”

namasā < namas

[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter

“adoration; court; namas [word]; bow; salute.”

havirbhiḥ < havis

[noun], instrumental, plural, neuter

“Havya; offering; ghee; havis [word].”

saṃ < sam

[adverb]

“sam; together; together; saṃ.”

sānu

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“tableland; ridge; peak; back; ridge; guru.”

mārjmi < mṛj

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“purify; polish; rub; remove.”

didhiṣāmi < didhiṣ < √dhā

[verb], singular, Present indikative

bilmair < bilmaiḥ < bilma

[noun], instrumental, plural, neuter

dadhāmy < dadhāmi < dhā

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

annaiḥ < anna

[noun], instrumental, plural, neuter

“food; foodstuff; grain; anna [word]; eating; boiled rice; meal.”

pari

[adverb]

“from; about; around.”

vanda < vande < vand

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“worship; laud.”

ṛgbhiḥ < ṛc

[noun], instrumental, plural

“Rig-Veda; Mantra; verse; ṛc [word]; ṛc.”

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