Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 2.35.4

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

तमस्मे॑रा युव॒तयो॒ युवा॑नं मर्मृ॒ज्यमा॑ना॒: परि॑ य॒न्त्याप॑: । स शु॒क्रेभि॒: शिक्व॑भी रे॒वद॒स्मे दी॒दाया॑नि॒ध्मो घृ॒तनि॑र्णिग॒प्सु ॥
तमस्मेरा युवतयो युवानं मर्मृज्यमानाः परि यन्त्यापः । स शुक्रेभिः शिक्वभी रेवदस्मे दीदायानिध्मो घृतनिर्णिगप्सु ॥
tam asmerā yuvatayo yuvānam marmṛjyamānāḥ pari yanty āpaḥ | sa śukrebhiḥ śikvabhī revad asme dīdāyānidhmo ghṛtanirṇig apsu ||

English translation:

“The young and modest (waters) wait upon the youth, assiduous in bathing him, and he, although unfed with fuel, yet cleansed with clarified butter, shines with bright rays amidst the waters, the abundance (may be) to us.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Bright rays amidst the waters: allusion either to the submarine fire or to the lightning amidst the rain-clouds

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gṛtsamadaḥ śaunakaḥ [gṛtsamada śaunaka];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): apānnapāt;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

तम् । अस्मे॑राः । यु॒व॒तयः॑ । युवा॑नम् । म॒र्मृ॒ज्यमा॑नाः । परि॑ । य॒न्ति॒ । आपः॑ । सः । शु॒क्रेभिः॑ । शिक्व॑ऽभिः । रे॒वत् । अ॒स्मे इति॑ । दी॒दाय॑ । अ॒नि॒ध्मः । घृ॒तऽनि॑र्निक् । अ॒प्ऽसु ॥
तम् । अस्मेराः । युवतयः । युवानम् । मर्मृज्यमानाः । परि । यन्ति । आपः । सः । शुक्रेभिः । शिक्वभिः । रेवत् । अस्मे इति । दीदाय । अनिध्मः । घृतनिर्निक् । अप्सु ॥
tam | asmerāḥ | yuvatayaḥ | yuvānam | marmṛjyamānāḥ | pari | yanti | āpaḥ | saḥ | śukrebhiḥ | śikva-bhiḥ | revat | asme iti | dīdāya | anidhmaḥ | ghṛta-nirnik | ap-su

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 2.35.4 English analysis of grammar]

tam < tad

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

asmerā < a

[adverb]

“not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”

asmerā < smerāḥ < smera

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“beamish.”

yuvatayo < yuvatayaḥ < yuvati

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“girl; woman.”

yuvānam < yuvan

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“young person; yuvan [word]; taruṇabandha; yuvan; yuvan; young buck; young.”

marmṛjyamānāḥ < marmṛj < √mṛj

[verb noun], nominative, plural

“groom; wash; rub.”

pari

[adverb]

“from; about; around.”

yanty < yanti < i

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”

āpaḥ < ap

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

sa < tad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

śukrebhiḥ < śukra

[noun], instrumental, plural, neuter

“bright; clear; white; light; pure.”

śikvabhī < śikvabhiḥ < śikvan

[noun], instrumental, plural, neuter

“deft.”

revad < revat

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“abundant; rich; affluent; brilliant; brilliant.”

asme < mad

[noun], dative, plural

“I; mine.”

dīdāyānidhmo < dīdāya < dīdī

[verb], singular, Perfect indicative

“shine; glitter.”

dīdāyānidhmo < anidhmaḥ < anidhma

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

ghṛtanirṇig < ghṛta

[noun], neuter

“ghee; fat.”

ghṛtanirṇig < nirṇij

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“attire; garment.”

apsu < ap

[noun], locative, plural, feminine

“water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

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