Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 2.27.10

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्वं विश्वे॑षां वरुणासि॒ राजा॒ ये च॑ दे॒वा अ॑सुर॒ ये च॒ मर्ता॑: । श॒तं नो॑ रास्व श॒रदो॑ वि॒चक्षे॒ऽश्यामायूं॑षि॒ सुधि॑तानि॒ पूर्वा॑ ॥
त्वं विश्वेषां वरुणासि राजा ये च देवा असुर ये च मर्ताः । शतं नो रास्व शरदो विचक्षेऽश्यामायूंषि सुधितानि पूर्वा ॥
tvaṃ viśveṣāṃ varuṇāsi rājā ye ca devā asura ye ca martāḥ | śataṃ no rāsva śarado vicakṣe 'śyāmāyūṃṣi sudhitāni pūrvā ||

English translation:

Varuṇa, destroyer of foes, you are the sovereign over all, whether they be gods or mortals; grant to us to behold a hundred years, and that we may enjoy lives such as were enjoyed by ancient (sages).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The text has pūrvā, prior, former; explained as: pūrvair devaiḥ, by the former gods or divine sages

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): kūrmo gārtsamado gṛtsamado vā [kūrma gārtsamada gṛtsamada vā];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): ādityāḥ ;
Chandas (meter): svarāṭpaṅkti;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्वम् । विश्वे॑षाम् । व॒रु॒ण॒ । अ॒सि॒ । राजा॑ । ये । च॒ । दे॒वाः । अ॒सु॒र॒ । ये । च॒ । मर्ताः॑ । श॒तम् । नः॒ । रा॒स्व॒ । श॒रदः॑ । वि॒ऽचक्षे॑ । अ॒श्याम॑ । आयूं॑षि । सुधि॑तानि । पूर्वा॑ ॥
त्वम् । विश्वेषाम् । वरुण । असि । राजा । ये । च । देवाः । असुर । ये । च । मर्ताः । शतम् । नः । रास्व । शरदः । विचक्षे । अश्याम । आयूंषि । सुधितानि । पूर्वा ॥
tvam | viśveṣām | varuṇa | asi | rājā | ye | ca | devāḥ | asura | ye | ca | martāḥ | śatam | naḥ | rāsva | śaradaḥ | vi-cakṣe | aśyāma | āyūṃṣi | sudhitāni | pūrvā

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 2.27.10 English analysis of grammar]

tvaṃ < tvam < tvad

[noun], nominative, singular

“you.”

viśveṣāṃ < viśveṣām < viśva

[noun], genitive, plural, masculine

“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

varuṇāsi < varuṇa

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“Varuna; varuṇa [word]; Crataeva religiosa Forst.; Varuṇa; varuṇādi.”

varuṇāsi < asi < as

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

rājā < rājan

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“king; Kshatriya; rājan [word]; best; rājāvarta; Yakṣa.”

ye < yad

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

ca

[adverb]

“and; besides; then; now; even.”

devā < devāḥ < deva

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

asura

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“Asura; lord; asura [word]; sulfur.”

ye < yad

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

ca

[adverb]

“and; besides; then; now; even.”

martāḥ < marta

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“man.”

śataṃ < śatam < śata

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“hundred; one-hundredth; śata [word].”

no < naḥ < mad

[noun], dative, plural

“I; mine.”

rāsva <

[verb], singular, Aorist imperative

“give; impart.”

śarado < śaradaḥ < śarad

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“fall; year; śarad [word].”

vicakṣe < vicakṣ < √cakṣ

[verb noun]

'śyāmāyūṃṣi < aśyāma <

[verb], plural, Aorist optative

“get; reach; enter (a state).”

'śyāmāyūṃṣi < āyūṃṣi < āyus

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“life; longevity; āyus; life; āyus [word]; Āyus.”

sudhitāni < sudhita

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“sudhita [word].”

pūrvā < pūrva

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“aforesaid(a); antecedent; previous(a); first; eastern; former(a); pūrva [word]; age-old; anterior; bygone; fore(a); predictive; firstborn; easterly; instrumental.”

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