Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 2.22.1
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्रिक॑द्रुकेषु महि॒षो यवा॑शिरं तुवि॒शुष्म॑स्तृ॒पत्सोम॑मपिब॒द्विष्णु॑ना सु॒तं यथाव॑शत् । स ईं॑ ममाद॒ महि॒ कर्म॒ कर्त॑वे म॒हामु॒रुं सैनं॑ सश्चद्दे॒वो दे॒वं स॒त्यमिन्द्रं॑ स॒त्य इन्दु॑: ॥
त्रिकद्रुकेषु महिषो यवाशिरं तुविशुष्मस्तृपत्सोममपिबद्विष्णुना सुतं यथावशत् । स ईं ममाद महि कर्म कर्तवे महामुरुं सैनं सश्चद्देवो देवं सत्यमिन्द्रं सत्य इन्दुः ॥
trikadrukeṣu mahiṣo yavāśiraṃ tuviśuṣmas tṛpat somam apibad viṣṇunā sutaṃ yathāvaśat | sa īm mamāda mahi karma kartave mahām uruṃ sainaṃ saścad devo devaṃ satyam indraṃ satya induḥ ||
English translation:
“The adorable and powerful (Indra), partaking of the Soma, mixed with barley, effused at the Tṛkadruka rites, has drunk with Viṣṇu as much as he wished; the draught has excited that great and mighty Indra to perform great deeds; may that divine (Soma) pervade the divine (Indra), the true Soma (pervade) the true Indra.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
All the hymns in this sūkta occur in the Sāmaveda;
Mahiṣa = mahān, grea, pūjya, worshipfult (epithte of Indra); each hymn has a refrain: sa enam saścad devo devam satyam indram satya induḥ: sa refers to Indu or the Soma, of which deva as well as satya are epithets; the verb saścat = vyāpti karma, pervading, in the imperative, vyāpnotu
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gṛtsamadaḥ śaunakaḥ [gṛtsamada śaunaka];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): aṣṭiḥ ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्रिऽक॑द्रुकेषु । म॒हि॒षः । यव॑ऽआशिरम् । तु॒वि॒ऽशुष्मः॑ । तृ॒पत् । सोम॑म् । अ॒पि॒ब॒त् । विष्णु॑ना । सु॒तम् । यथा॑ । अव॑शत् । सः । ई॒म् । म॒मा॒द॒ । महि॑ । कर्म॑ । कर्त॑वे । म॒हाम् । उ॒रुम् । सः । ए॒न॒म् । स॒श्च॒त् । दे॒वः । दे॒वम् । स॒त्यम् । इन्द्र॑म् । स॒त्यः । इन्दुः॑ ॥
त्रिकद्रुकेषु । महिषः । यवआशिरम् । तुविशुष्मः । तृपत् । सोमम् । अपिबत् । विष्णुना । सुतम् । यथा । अवशत् । सः । ईम् । ममाद । महि । कर्म । कर्तवे । महाम् । उरुम् । सः । एनम् । सश्चत् । देवः । देवम् । सत्यम् । इन्द्रम् । सत्यः । इन्दुः ॥
tri-kadrukeṣu | mahiṣaḥ | yava-āśiram | tuvi-śuṣmaḥ | tṛpat | somam | apibat | viṣṇunā | sutam | yathā | avaśat | saḥ | īm | mamāda | mahi | karma | kartave | mahām | urum | saḥ | enam | saścat | devaḥ | devam | satyam | indram | satyaḥ | induḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 2.22.1 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], locative, plural, masculine
“Trikadruka.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Old World buffalo; Mahiṣa; Mahiṣa.”
[noun], masculine
“barley; yava; barleycorn; yava [word]; yava; yavakṣāra; grain.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“mixture.”
[noun]
“mighty; very; diverse; much(a); many.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“vigor; energy; fire; hiss; courage.”
[verb noun], accusative, singular
“satiate; enjoy; delight.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“drink; gulp; soak; drink; suck; inhale.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
“Vishnu; Krishna; Viṣṇu; Om; Shiva.”
[verb noun], accusative, singular
“press out; su.”
[adverb]
“equally; as; so that; like; how; yathā [word]; that; wherein.”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“desire; agree; call; care; like; love.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[adverb]
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“rut; intoxicate; delight; revel; rejoice; drink; ramp; exult.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“great; firm.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“action; saṃskāra; ritual; procedure; karman; treatment; object; function; production; job; operation; karman [word]; act; job; passive voice; activity; consequence; function; yajña; pañcakarman; cooking; occupation; profession; construction; duty; method; natural process; duty; therapy.”
[verb noun]
“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“great; great; distinguished; much(a); adult; long; high.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“wide; broad; great; uru [word]; much(a); excellent.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.).”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“accompany; follow; company; obey; participate; enter.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“true; real; real; faithful; good.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“true; real; real; faithful; good.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”