Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 2.18.8

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

न म॒ इन्द्रे॑ण स॒ख्यं वि यो॑षद॒स्मभ्य॑मस्य॒ दक्षि॑णा दुहीत । उप॒ ज्येष्ठे॒ वरू॑थे॒ गभ॑स्तौ प्रा॒येप्रा॑ये जिगी॒वांस॑: स्याम ॥
न म इन्द्रेण सख्यं वि योषदस्मभ्यमस्य दक्षिणा दुहीत । उप ज्येष्ठे वरूथे गभस्तौ प्रायेप्राये जिगीवांसः स्याम ॥
na ma indreṇa sakhyaṃ vi yoṣad asmabhyam asya dakṣiṇā duhīta | upa jyeṣṭhe varūthe gabhastau prāye-prāye jigīvāṃsaḥ syāma ||

English translation:

“Never may my friendship with Indra be disunited; may his liberality (ever) yield us (our desires); may we be within the excellent defence of (his protecting) arms; may we be victorious in every battle.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Prāye prāye jigīvaṃsaḥ syāma: prāye = yuddhe, in war or battle; it also means, entering; may we be victorious in consequence of Indra's repeatedly entering or frequenting the chamber of sacrifice

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gṛtsamadaḥ śaunakaḥ [gṛtsamada śaunaka];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): bhurikpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

न । मे॒ । इन्द्रे॑ण । स॒ख्यम् । वि । यो॒ष॒त् । अ॒स्मभ्य॑म् । अ॒स्य॒ । दक्षि॑णा । दु॒ही॒त॒ । उप॑ । ज्येष्ठे॑ । वरू॑थे । गभ॑स्तौ । प्रा॒येऽप्रा॑ये । जि॒गी॒वांसः॑ । स्या॒म॒ ॥
न । मे । इन्द्रेण । सख्यम् । वि । योषत् । अस्मभ्यम् । अस्य । दक्षिणा । दुहीत । उप । ज्येष्ठे । वरूथे । गभस्तौ । प्रायेप्राये । जिगीवांसः । स्याम ॥
na | me | indreṇa | sakhyam | vi | yoṣat | asmabhyam | asya | dakṣiṇā | duhīta | upa | jyeṣṭhe | varūthe | gabhastau | prāye--prāye | jigīvāṃsaḥ | syāma

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 2.18.8 English analysis of grammar]

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

ma < me < mad

[noun], genitive, singular

“I; mine.”

indreṇa < indra

[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine

“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

sakhyaṃ < sakhyam < sakhya

[noun], nominative, singular, neuter

“friendship; aid; company.”

vi

[adverb]

“apart; away; away.”

yoṣad < yoṣat < yu

[verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.

“keep away; separate; ward off.”

asmabhyam < mad

[noun], dative, plural

“I; mine.”

asya < idam

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

dakṣiṇā

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“Dakṣiṇā; south; dakṣiṇā [word]; gift; South.”

duhīta < duh

[verb], singular, Present optative

“milk.”

upa

[adverb]

“towards; on; next.”

jyeṣṭhe < jyeṣṭha

[noun], locative, singular, neuter

“firstborn; best; first; excellent; highest; jyeṣṭha [word].”

varūthe < varūtha

[noun], locative, singular, neuter

“defense; protective covering.”

gabhastau < gabhasti

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“beam; hand; sun.”

prāye < prāya

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“predomination; seeking death by fasting; majority; strength; fast; suicide.”

prāye < prāya

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“predomination; seeking death by fasting; majority; strength; fast; suicide.”

jigīvāṃsaḥ < ji

[verb noun], nominative, plural

“overcome; cure; win; conquer; control; win; succeed; remove; beat; govern; surpass; suppress.”

syāma < as

[verb], plural, Present optative

“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

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