Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 2.12.11
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
यः शम्ब॑रं॒ पर्व॑तेषु क्षि॒यन्तं॑ चत्वारिं॒श्यां श॒रद्य॒न्ववि॑न्दत् । ओ॒जा॒यमा॑नं॒ यो अहिं॑ ज॒घान॒ दानुं॒ शया॑नं॒ स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्र॑: ॥
यः शम्बरं पर्वतेषु क्षियन्तं चत्वारिंश्यां शरद्यन्वविन्दत् । ओजायमानं यो अहिं जघान दानुं शयानं स जनास इन्द्रः ॥
yaḥ śambaram parvateṣu kṣiyantaṃ catvāriṃśyāṃ śarady anvavindat | ojāyamānaṃ yo ahiṃ jaghāna dānuṃ śayānaṃ sa janāsa indraḥ ||
English translation:
“He, who discovered Śambara dwelling in the mountains for forty years; who slew Ahi, growing in strength, and the sleeping son of Dānu; he, men, is Indra.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Who slew Ahi: ahi = the slayer, āhantāram;
Um = son of Dānu; both are epithets of Śambara
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gṛtsamadaḥ śaunakaḥ [gṛtsamada śaunaka];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
यः । शम्ब॑रम् । पर्व॑तेषु । क्षि॒यन्त॑म् । च॒त्वा॒रिं॒श्याम् । श॒रदि॑ । अ॒नु॒ऽअवि॑न्दत् । ओ॒जा॒यमा॑नम् । यः । अहि॑म् । ज॒घान॑ । दानु॑म् । शया॑नम् । सः । ज॒ना॒सः॒ । इन्द्रः॑ ॥
यः । शम्बरम् । पर्वतेषु । क्षियन्तम् । चत्वारिंश्याम् । शरदि । अनुअविन्दत् । ओजायमानम् । यः । अहिम् । जघान । दानुम् । शयानम् । सः । जनासः । इन्द्रः ॥
yaḥ | śambaram | parvateṣu | kṣiyantam | catvāriṃśyām | śaradi | anu-avindat | ojāyamānam | yaḥ | ahim | jaghāna | dānum | śayānam | saḥ | janāsaḥ | indraḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 2.12.11 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Śambara; Śambara.”
[noun], locative, plural, masculine
“mountain; Parvata; parvata [word]; Parvata; Parvata; rock; height.”
[verb noun], accusative, singular
“govern; inhabit; dwell; stay; predominate; bide; own.”
[noun], locative, singular, feminine
“fortieth.”
[noun], locative, singular, feminine
“fall; year; śarad [word].”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“find; obtain.”
[verb noun], accusative, singular
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“snake; lead; nāga; Nāga; ahi [word]; Vṛtra.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“kill; cure; māray; remove; destroy; hit; injure; damage; destroy; paralyze; hurt; forge; beat; cut off; stop; overwhelm; kick; hunt; affect; strike; hammer; love; obstruct; shoot.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
[verb noun], accusative, singular
“lie; sleep.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], vocative, plural, masculine
“people; national; man; relative; jan; Janaloka; person; jana [word]; man; attendant; Jana; foreigner; inhabitant; group.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”