Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 2.12.4
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
येने॒मा विश्वा॒ च्यव॑ना कृ॒तानि॒ यो दासं॒ वर्ण॒मध॑रं॒ गुहाक॑: । श्व॒घ्नीव॒ यो जि॑गी॒वाँल्ल॒क्षमाद॑द॒र्यः पु॒ष्टानि॒ स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्र॑: ॥
येनेमा विश्वा च्यवना कृतानि यो दासं वर्णमधरं गुहाकः । श्वघ्नीव यो जिगीवाँल्लक्षमाददर्यः पुष्टानि स जनास इन्द्रः ॥
yenemā viśvā cyavanā kṛtāni yo dāsaṃ varṇam adharaṃ guhākaḥ | śvaghnīva yo jigīvām̐l lakṣam ādad aryaḥ puṣṭāni sa janāsa indraḥ ||
English translation:
“He, by whom all these perishable (regions) have been made; who consigned the base servile tribe to the cavern; who seizes triumphant the cherished (tresures) of the enemy, as a hunter (strikes) his prey; he, men, is Indra.”
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gṛtsamadaḥ śaunakaḥ [gṛtsamada śaunaka];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
येन॑ । इ॒मा । विश्वा॑ । च्यव॑ना । कृ॒तानि॑ । यः । दास॑म् । वर्ण॑म् । अध॑रम् । गुहा॑ । अक॒रित्यकः॑ । श्व॒घ्नीऽइ॑व । यः । जि॒गी॒वान् । ल॒क्षम् । आद॑त् । अ॒र्यः । पु॒ष्टानि॑ । सः । ज॒ना॒सः॒ । इन्द्रः॑ ॥
येन । इमा । विश्वा । च्यवना । कृतानि । यः । दासम् । वर्णम् । अधरम् । गुहा । अकरित्यकः । श्वघ्नीइव । यः । जिगीवान् । लक्षम् । आदत् । अर्यः । पुष्टानि । सः । जनासः । इन्द्रः ॥
yena | imā | viśvā | cyavanā | kṛtāni | yaḥ | dāsam | varṇam | adharam | guhā | akar ityakaḥ | śvaghnī-iva | yaḥ | jigīvān | lakṣam | ādat | aryaḥ | puṣṭāni | saḥ | janāsaḥ | indraḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 2.12.4 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[noun], nominative, plural, neuter
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[noun], nominative, plural, neuter
“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”
[noun], nominative, plural, neuter
“movement; removal.”
[verb noun], nominative, plural
“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“slave; Dāsa; servant; savage; Shudra.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“color; caste; complexion; vowel; varṇa [word]; vowel; syllable; appearance; Karat; people; beauty; varṇa; gold; color; complexion.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“lower; adhara [word]; worse.”
[adverb]
“secretly.”
[verb], singular, Root aorist (Ind.)
“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“gambler.”
[adverb]
“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“overcome; cure; win; conquer; control; win; succeed; remove; beat; govern; surpass; suppress.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“hundred thousand; guise.”
[verb], singular, Thematic aorist (Ind.)
“take; take away; take out; pick; extract; drink; grasp; put; collect; accept; get; choose; remove; steal; bring; press out; impound; keep; eat; use; distill.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“prosperity; property.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], vocative, plural, masculine
“people; national; man; relative; jan; Janaloka; person; jana [word]; man; attendant; Jana; foreigner; inhabitant; group.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”