Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 2.3.10
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
वन॒स्पति॑रवसृ॒जन्नुप॑ स्थाद॒ग्निर्ह॒विः सू॑दयाति॒ प्र धी॒भिः । त्रिधा॒ सम॑क्तं नयतु प्रजा॒नन्दे॒वेभ्यो॒ दैव्य॑: शमि॒तोप॑ ह॒व्यम् ॥
वनस्पतिरवसृजन्नुप स्थादग्निर्हविः सूदयाति प्र धीभिः । त्रिधा समक्तं नयतु प्रजानन्देवेभ्यो दैव्यः शमितोप हव्यम् ॥
vanaspatir avasṛjann upa sthād agnir haviḥ sūdayāti pra dhībhiḥ | tridhā samaktaṃ nayatu prajānan devebhyo daivyaḥ śamitopa havyam ||
English translation:
“May Agni, who is Vanaspati, approving (of our rite), approach; and by his especial acts fully dress the victim; may the divine immolator convey the burnt-offering to the gods, knowing it to have been thrice consecrated.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
By his especial acts: agnir-haviḥ sūdayāti pra dhībhiḥ =Agni, who is the supporter, or the instrumental ument of cooking or maturing fitly, cooks the oblation of the nature of the victim with various acts, which are the means of cooking; he dresses the oblation, not under-dressing nor over-dressing it: agniḥ pākadharo haviḥ paśurūpam karmaviṣeśaiḥ pākasādhanaiḥ prakarṣeṇa sūdayāti kṣārayati apākādhikapādirāhityena haviḥ pacati; the divine immolator: daivyaḥ śamitā: śamitā = the person n who kills the victim; Agni is the immolator of the gods: devānām śamitā; thice consecrated: tridhā samaktam = thrice anointed or sprinkled; the three rites or ceremonies are termed: upastaraṇa, avadāna, abhighāraṇa
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gṛtsamadaḥ śaunakaḥ [gṛtsamada śaunaka];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
वन॒स्पतिः॑ । अ॒व॒ऽसृ॒जन् । उप॑ । स्था॒त् । अ॒ग्निः । ह॒विः । सू॒द॒या॒ति॒ । प्र । धी॒भिः । त्रिधा॑ । सम्ऽअ॑क्तम् । न॒य॒तु॒ । प्र॒ऽजा॒नन् । दे॒वेभ्यः॒ । दैव्यः॑ । श॒मि॒ता । उप॑ । ह॒व्यम् ॥
वनस्पतिः । अवसृजन् । उप । स्थात् । अग्निः । हविः । सूदयाति । प्र । धीभिः । त्रिधा । सम्अक्तम् । नयतु । प्रजानन् । देवेभ्यः । दैव्यः । शमिता । उप । हव्यम् ॥
vanaspatiḥ | ava-sṛjan | upa | sthāt | agniḥ | haviḥ | sūdayāti | pra | dhībhiḥ | tridhā | sam-aktam | nayatu | pra-jānan | devebhyaḥ | daivyaḥ | śamitā | upa | havyam
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 2.3.10 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“tree; banyan; vanaspati [word]; vanaspativarga; vaṭādi.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“free; shoot; ejaculate.”
[adverb]
“towards; on; next.”
[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
“stay; stand; situate; exist; [in]; resist; endure; put; soak; be; stop; adhere; get stale; concentrate; grow; trust; wake; consociate; last; dwell; lie; stand; stop.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“Havya; offering; ghee; havis [word].”
[verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
“kill; promote.”
[adverb]
“towards; ahead.”
[noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
“intelligence; prayer; mind; insight; idea; hymn; purpose; art; knowledge.”
[adverb]
“threefold.”
[verb noun], accusative, singular
“anoint.”
[verb], singular, Present imperative
“bring; lead; spend; decant; enter (a state); remove; take out; take away; enforce; marry; carry; fill into; bring; learn; go out; add.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“know; perceive; understand; detect.”
[noun], dative, plural, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“divine; divine; celestial.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“śamitṛ [word]; butcher.”
[adverb]
“towards; on; next.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“Havya; offering; havya [word].”