Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 2.2.4
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
तमु॒क्षमा॑णं॒ रज॑सि॒ स्व आ दमे॑ च॒न्द्रमि॑व सु॒रुचं॑ ह्वा॒र आ द॑धुः । पृश्न्या॑: पत॒रं चि॒तय॑न्तम॒क्षभि॑: पा॒थो न पा॒युं जन॑सी उ॒भे अनु॑ ॥
तमुक्षमाणं रजसि स्व आ दमे चन्द्रमिव सुरुचं ह्वार आ दधुः । पृश्न्याः पतरं चितयन्तमक्षभिः पाथो न पायुं जनसी उभे अनु ॥
tam ukṣamāṇaṃ rajasi sva ā dame candram iva surucaṃ hvāra ā dadhuḥ | pṛśnyāḥ pataraṃ citayantam akṣabhiḥ pātho na pāyuṃ janasī ubhe anu ||
English translation:
“They have plural ced him in his solitary dwelling, who is shedding moisture upon the earth; resplendent as gold, traversing the firmament, animate with flames; and pervading the two parents (of all things, heaven and earth), like refreshing water.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Resplendent as gold: candram iva surucam = bright-shining,like the moon; candra, when neuter, is interpreted as a synonym of gold in the Veda
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gṛtsamadaḥ śaunakaḥ [gṛtsamada śaunaka];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): jagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
तम् । उ॒क्षमा॑णम् । रज॑सि । स्वे । आ । दमे॑ । च॒न्द्रम्ऽइ॑व । सु॒ऽरुच॑म् । ह्वा॒रे । आ । द॒धुः॒ । पृश्न्याः॑ । प॒त॒रम् । चि॒तय॑न्तम् । अ॒क्षऽभिः॑ । पा॒थः । न । पा॒युम् । जन॑सी॒ इति॑ । उ॒भे इति॑ । अनु॑ ॥
तम् । उक्षमाणम् । रजसि । स्वे । आ । दमे । चन्द्रम्इव । सुरुचम् । ह्वारे । आ । दधुः । पृश्न्याः । पतरम् । चितयन्तम् । अक्षभिः । पाथः । न । पायुम् । जनसी इति । उभे इति । अनु ॥
tam | ukṣamāṇam | rajasi | sve | ā | dame | candram-iva | su-rucam | hvāre | ā | dadhuḥ | pṛśnyāḥ | pataram | citayantam | akṣa-bhiḥ | pāthaḥ | na | pāyum | janasī iti | ubhe iti | anu
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 2.2.4 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[verb noun], accusative, singular
“grow; grow.”
[noun], locative, singular, neuter
“powder; menorrhea; dust; Rajas; atmosphere; rajas; pollen; passion; rajas [word]; sindūra; rust; tin; impurity; dark; sky.”
[noun], locative, singular, neuter
“own(a); respective(a); akin(p); sva [word]; individual; present(a); independent.”
[adverb]
“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”
[noun], locative, singular, masculine
“dwelling; home.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“aglitter(p); shining.”
[adverb]
“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”
[adverb]
“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“beam; radiance; color.”
[noun], locative, singular, masculine
[adverb]
“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”
[verb], plural, Perfect indicative
“put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”
[noun], genitive, singular, feminine
“Pṛśni; beam.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“winged.”
[verb noun], accusative, singular
[noun], instrumental, plural, neuter
“eye; akṣa [word]; hole.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“pāthas [word]; water; place.”
[adverb]
“not; like; no; na [word].”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“guard; pāyu [word]; Pāyu.”
[noun], accusative, dual, neuter
[noun], accusative, dual, neuter
“both(a).”
[adverb]
“subsequently; behind; along; towards; because.”